Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches
Introduction: Extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the Salmonella lineages have been reported to spread from Africa to South Asia. XDR strains are resistant to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ampicillin, resulting in treatment failure. The objectives of this study incl...
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18289 |
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| author | Noor ul Huda Muhammad Sohail Zulfiqar Ali Mirani Qurat ul Ain Hyder Saeed Khan |
| author_facet | Noor ul Huda Muhammad Sohail Zulfiqar Ali Mirani Qurat ul Ain Hyder Saeed Khan |
| author_sort | Noor ul Huda |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Introduction: Extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the Salmonella lineages have been reported to spread from Africa to South Asia. XDR strains are resistant to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ampicillin, resulting in treatment failure. The objectives of this study included the investigation of transmission of S. Typhi lineages and the identification of the potentially contaminated sources of the XDR typhoid outbreak from different urban areas by using molecular techniques.
Methodology: Environmental samples, including food samples, were collected from different towns and the susceptibility of each isolate to the antimicrobial agents was examined. Molecular identification of different Salmonella lineages including S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, H58, and XDR was carried out through multiplex PCR.
Results and Conclusions: A total of 328 environmental samples including raw vegetables, water, and bakery items were collected. More than half of the tested samples (64%) found harboring Salmonella spp. The Salmonella was confirmed through PCR amplification of species-specific markers that showed the presence of S. Typhi (40%), S. Paratyphi A (8%), H58 (7%), and XDR S. Typhi (6%). Raw vegetables had the highest number of Salmonella spp., indicating consumption of raw vegetables as a possible source of salmonellosis. XDR status was also affirmed through phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a649220f0f7d4da4b9c8709e95bae56d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| series | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| spelling | doaj-art-a649220f0f7d4da4b9c8709e95bae56d2025-08-20T02:27:19ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-02-01180210.3855/jidc.18289Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approachesNoor ul Huda0Muhammad Sohail1Zulfiqar Ali Mirani2Qurat ul Ain Hyder3Saeed Khan4Department of Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, PakistanFood and Marine Resources Research Centre, Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi-75280, PakistanDepartment of Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan Introduction: Extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the Salmonella lineages have been reported to spread from Africa to South Asia. XDR strains are resistant to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ampicillin, resulting in treatment failure. The objectives of this study included the investigation of transmission of S. Typhi lineages and the identification of the potentially contaminated sources of the XDR typhoid outbreak from different urban areas by using molecular techniques. Methodology: Environmental samples, including food samples, were collected from different towns and the susceptibility of each isolate to the antimicrobial agents was examined. Molecular identification of different Salmonella lineages including S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, H58, and XDR was carried out through multiplex PCR. Results and Conclusions: A total of 328 environmental samples including raw vegetables, water, and bakery items were collected. More than half of the tested samples (64%) found harboring Salmonella spp. The Salmonella was confirmed through PCR amplification of species-specific markers that showed the presence of S. Typhi (40%), S. Paratyphi A (8%), H58 (7%), and XDR S. Typhi (6%). Raw vegetables had the highest number of Salmonella spp., indicating consumption of raw vegetables as a possible source of salmonellosis. XDR status was also affirmed through phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18289Antimicrobial susceptibilitydrug resistancefood-borne infectionssalmonellosis |
| spellingShingle | Noor ul Huda Muhammad Sohail Zulfiqar Ali Mirani Qurat ul Ain Hyder Saeed Khan Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches Journal of Infection in Developing Countries Antimicrobial susceptibility drug resistance food-borne infections salmonellosis |
| title | Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches |
| title_full | Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches |
| title_fullStr | Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches |
| title_short | Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches |
| title_sort | source tracking of extensively drug resistant salmonella typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches |
| topic | Antimicrobial susceptibility drug resistance food-borne infections salmonellosis |
| url | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18289 |
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