The effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Abstract During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), local hypoxia on the compression side stimulates cellular remodelling of periodontal tissues. We investigated the effects of systemic, sustained hypoxia on OTM in vivo. OTM was performed on the right maxillary first molar (M1) of 8-week-old male Spra...

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Main Authors: Kwanrat Ploysongsang, Yukiho Kobayashi, Yeming Lu, Yuki Niki, Janeta Chavanavesh, Keiji Moriyama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07949-9
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author Kwanrat Ploysongsang
Yukiho Kobayashi
Yeming Lu
Yuki Niki
Janeta Chavanavesh
Keiji Moriyama
author_facet Kwanrat Ploysongsang
Yukiho Kobayashi
Yeming Lu
Yuki Niki
Janeta Chavanavesh
Keiji Moriyama
author_sort Kwanrat Ploysongsang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), local hypoxia on the compression side stimulates cellular remodelling of periodontal tissues. We investigated the effects of systemic, sustained hypoxia on OTM in vivo. OTM was performed on the right maxillary first molar (M1) of 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats using a 10-gf nickel-titanium closed-coil spring for 4 weeks under control (21% O2, n = 9) or hypoxic (10% O2, n = 9) conditions. Micro-computed tomography was used to measure OTM distances, alveolar bone morphometric parameters, and M1 buccal alveolar bone levels. Osteoclast differentiation and periodontal ligament (PDL) cell proliferation were determined using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in M1 periodontal tissues were analysed using immunofluorescence. The hypoxia-OTM group showed significantly accelerated tooth movement, significantly decreased M1 buccal alveolar bone levels, significantly greater numbers of TRAP-positive cells on the compression side, and significantly reduced Ki67-positive ratios in PDL tissues. The VEGF and RUNX2 fluorescence intensities on the tension side were higher in the control-OTM than in the hypoxia-OTM group. Our results demonstrate that systemic, sustained hypoxia affects OTM by altering osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation in vivo, resulting in reduced alveolar bone levels after OTM.
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spelling doaj-art-a647adbf9e2846d68b4e271b683aeaf92025-08-20T03:45:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-07949-9The effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in ratsKwanrat Ploysongsang0Yukiho Kobayashi1Yeming Lu2Yuki Niki3Janeta Chavanavesh4Keiji Moriyama5Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn UniversityDepartment of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoAbstract During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), local hypoxia on the compression side stimulates cellular remodelling of periodontal tissues. We investigated the effects of systemic, sustained hypoxia on OTM in vivo. OTM was performed on the right maxillary first molar (M1) of 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats using a 10-gf nickel-titanium closed-coil spring for 4 weeks under control (21% O2, n = 9) or hypoxic (10% O2, n = 9) conditions. Micro-computed tomography was used to measure OTM distances, alveolar bone morphometric parameters, and M1 buccal alveolar bone levels. Osteoclast differentiation and periodontal ligament (PDL) cell proliferation were determined using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in M1 periodontal tissues were analysed using immunofluorescence. The hypoxia-OTM group showed significantly accelerated tooth movement, significantly decreased M1 buccal alveolar bone levels, significantly greater numbers of TRAP-positive cells on the compression side, and significantly reduced Ki67-positive ratios in PDL tissues. The VEGF and RUNX2 fluorescence intensities on the tension side were higher in the control-OTM than in the hypoxia-OTM group. Our results demonstrate that systemic, sustained hypoxia affects OTM by altering osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation in vivo, resulting in reduced alveolar bone levels after OTM.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07949-9Orthodontic tooth movementHypoxiaPeriodontal ligamentOsteoblastOsteoclast
spellingShingle Kwanrat Ploysongsang
Yukiho Kobayashi
Yeming Lu
Yuki Niki
Janeta Chavanavesh
Keiji Moriyama
The effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Scientific Reports
Orthodontic tooth movement
Hypoxia
Periodontal ligament
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
title The effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in rats
title_full The effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in rats
title_fullStr The effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in rats
title_full_unstemmed The effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in rats
title_short The effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in rats
title_sort effects of systemic and sustained hypoxia on orthodontic tooth movement in rats
topic Orthodontic tooth movement
Hypoxia
Periodontal ligament
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07949-9
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