Association between serum β-carotene and suicidal ideation in adults: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe aim was to ascertain whether serum carotenoid levels are linked to suicidal ideation, along with how depressive disorder influences the association.MethodsThis research was conducted using a cross-sectional design and encompassed 7,335 adults from the United States. The levels of serum...

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Main Authors: Jihua Lv, Tong Xu, Shuyue Lou, Zhenxiang Zhan, Zicheng Cheng, Fangwang Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1500107/full
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author Jihua Lv
Tong Xu
Shuyue Lou
Zhenxiang Zhan
Zicheng Cheng
Fangwang Fu
author_facet Jihua Lv
Tong Xu
Shuyue Lou
Zhenxiang Zhan
Zicheng Cheng
Fangwang Fu
author_sort Jihua Lv
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe aim was to ascertain whether serum carotenoid levels are linked to suicidal ideation, along with how depressive disorder influences the association.MethodsThis research was conducted using a cross-sectional design and encompassed 7,335 adults from the United States. The levels of serum carotenoids, encompassing α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin, were ascertained by employing high-performance liquid chromatography. Item nine of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate suicidal ideation. The study used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to ascertain the link between serum carotenoid levels and suicidal ideation. Mediation and stratified analyses were used to ascertain the impact of depressed symptoms on the association between serum carotenoid levels and suicidal ideation.ResultsOut of the total participants, 245 individuals (3.3%) reported having suicidal ideation. Participants who had suicidal ideation showed lower levels of serum α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin compared to those who did not have suicidal ideation. After controlling potential confounding factors, serum β-carotene level was still associated with risk of suicidal ideation (per 1–standard deviation (SD) increment, odds ratio [OR]: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.98). The mediation analysis revealed that 36.3% of this association was mediated by the severity of depressive symptoms. Stratified analysis manifested that the association remained in depressed people but was attenuated in people without depressive disorder.ConclusionIncreased serum β-carotene level may decrease the susceptibility to suicidal ideation, especially in depressed people. Further intervention studies are needed to validate whether β-carotene consumption contributes to preventing suicidal ideation.
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spelling doaj-art-a63ade2ef084459d8b7d2769e9b9448f2025-08-20T02:37:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2024-12-011110.3389/fnut.2024.15001071500107Association between serum β-carotene and suicidal ideation in adults: a cross-sectional studyJihua Lv0Tong Xu1Shuyue Lou2Zhenxiang Zhan3Zicheng Cheng4Fangwang Fu5Department of Internal Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Yongkang, Yongkang, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaBackgroundThe aim was to ascertain whether serum carotenoid levels are linked to suicidal ideation, along with how depressive disorder influences the association.MethodsThis research was conducted using a cross-sectional design and encompassed 7,335 adults from the United States. The levels of serum carotenoids, encompassing α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin, were ascertained by employing high-performance liquid chromatography. Item nine of the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate suicidal ideation. The study used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to ascertain the link between serum carotenoid levels and suicidal ideation. Mediation and stratified analyses were used to ascertain the impact of depressed symptoms on the association between serum carotenoid levels and suicidal ideation.ResultsOut of the total participants, 245 individuals (3.3%) reported having suicidal ideation. Participants who had suicidal ideation showed lower levels of serum α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin compared to those who did not have suicidal ideation. After controlling potential confounding factors, serum β-carotene level was still associated with risk of suicidal ideation (per 1–standard deviation (SD) increment, odds ratio [OR]: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.98). The mediation analysis revealed that 36.3% of this association was mediated by the severity of depressive symptoms. Stratified analysis manifested that the association remained in depressed people but was attenuated in people without depressive disorder.ConclusionIncreased serum β-carotene level may decrease the susceptibility to suicidal ideation, especially in depressed people. Further intervention studies are needed to validate whether β-carotene consumption contributes to preventing suicidal ideation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1500107/fullβ-carotenecarotenoiddepressive disorderNHANESsuicidal ideation
spellingShingle Jihua Lv
Tong Xu
Shuyue Lou
Zhenxiang Zhan
Zicheng Cheng
Fangwang Fu
Association between serum β-carotene and suicidal ideation in adults: a cross-sectional study
Frontiers in Nutrition
β-carotene
carotenoid
depressive disorder
NHANES
suicidal ideation
title Association between serum β-carotene and suicidal ideation in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_full Association between serum β-carotene and suicidal ideation in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Association between serum β-carotene and suicidal ideation in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Association between serum β-carotene and suicidal ideation in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_short Association between serum β-carotene and suicidal ideation in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_sort association between serum β carotene and suicidal ideation in adults a cross sectional study
topic β-carotene
carotenoid
depressive disorder
NHANES
suicidal ideation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1500107/full
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