Optimal deep learning based vehicle detection and classification using chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm in remote sensing imagery

Abstract Remote sensing images (RSI), such as aerial or satellite images, produce a large-scale view of the Earth’s surface, which gets them used to track and monitor vehicles from several settings, like border control, disaster response, and urban traffic surveillance. Vehicle detection and classif...

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Main Authors: Youseef Alotaibi, Krishnaraj Nagappan, Tamilvizhi Thanarajan, Surendran Rajendran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02491-0
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author Youseef Alotaibi
Krishnaraj Nagappan
Tamilvizhi Thanarajan
Surendran Rajendran
author_facet Youseef Alotaibi
Krishnaraj Nagappan
Tamilvizhi Thanarajan
Surendran Rajendran
author_sort Youseef Alotaibi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Remote sensing images (RSI), such as aerial or satellite images, produce a large-scale view of the Earth’s surface, which gets them used to track and monitor vehicles from several settings, like border control, disaster response, and urban traffic surveillance. Vehicle detection and classification using RSIs is a vital application of computer vision and image processing. It contains locating and identifying vehicles from the image. It is done using many approaches that have object detection approaches, namely YOLO, Faster R-CNN, or SSD, which utilize deep learning (DL) to locate and identify the image. Additionally, the classification of vehicles from RSIs contains classification of them based on their variety, such as trucks, motorcycles, cars or buses, utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques. This article designed and developed an automated vehicle type detection and classification using a chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm with deep learning (VDTC-CEOADL) on high-resolution RSIs. The VDTC-CEOADL technique presented examines high-quality RSIs for the accurate detection and classification of vehicles. The VDTC-CEOADL technique employs a YOLO-HR object detector with a residual network as the backbone model to accomplish this. In addition, CEOA based hyperparameter optimizer is designed for the parameter tuning of the ResNet model. For the vehicle classification process, the VDTC-CEOADL technique exploits the attention-based long-short-term memory (ALSTM) mod-el. Performance validation of the VDTC-CEOADL technique is validated on a high-resolution RSI dataset, and the results portrayed the supremacy of the VDTC-CEOADL technique in terms of different measures.
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spelling doaj-art-a62ae58b6ea94ea1a4052c202193aab72025-08-20T03:08:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-02491-0Optimal deep learning based vehicle detection and classification using chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm in remote sensing imageryYouseef Alotaibi0Krishnaraj Nagappan1Tamilvizhi Thanarajan2Surendran Rajendran3Department of Software Engineering, College of Computing, Umm Al-Qura UniversityDepartment of Networking and Communications, School of Computing, SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Panimalar Engineering CollegeDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesAbstract Remote sensing images (RSI), such as aerial or satellite images, produce a large-scale view of the Earth’s surface, which gets them used to track and monitor vehicles from several settings, like border control, disaster response, and urban traffic surveillance. Vehicle detection and classification using RSIs is a vital application of computer vision and image processing. It contains locating and identifying vehicles from the image. It is done using many approaches that have object detection approaches, namely YOLO, Faster R-CNN, or SSD, which utilize deep learning (DL) to locate and identify the image. Additionally, the classification of vehicles from RSIs contains classification of them based on their variety, such as trucks, motorcycles, cars or buses, utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques. This article designed and developed an automated vehicle type detection and classification using a chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm with deep learning (VDTC-CEOADL) on high-resolution RSIs. The VDTC-CEOADL technique presented examines high-quality RSIs for the accurate detection and classification of vehicles. The VDTC-CEOADL technique employs a YOLO-HR object detector with a residual network as the backbone model to accomplish this. In addition, CEOA based hyperparameter optimizer is designed for the parameter tuning of the ResNet model. For the vehicle classification process, the VDTC-CEOADL technique exploits the attention-based long-short-term memory (ALSTM) mod-el. Performance validation of the VDTC-CEOADL technique is validated on a high-resolution RSI dataset, and the results portrayed the supremacy of the VDTC-CEOADL technique in terms of different measures.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02491-0Deep learningVehicle detectionVehicle classificationChaotic equilibrium optimization algorithmRemote sensing images
spellingShingle Youseef Alotaibi
Krishnaraj Nagappan
Tamilvizhi Thanarajan
Surendran Rajendran
Optimal deep learning based vehicle detection and classification using chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm in remote sensing imagery
Scientific Reports
Deep learning
Vehicle detection
Vehicle classification
Chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm
Remote sensing images
title Optimal deep learning based vehicle detection and classification using chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm in remote sensing imagery
title_full Optimal deep learning based vehicle detection and classification using chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm in remote sensing imagery
title_fullStr Optimal deep learning based vehicle detection and classification using chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm in remote sensing imagery
title_full_unstemmed Optimal deep learning based vehicle detection and classification using chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm in remote sensing imagery
title_short Optimal deep learning based vehicle detection and classification using chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm in remote sensing imagery
title_sort optimal deep learning based vehicle detection and classification using chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm in remote sensing imagery
topic Deep learning
Vehicle detection
Vehicle classification
Chaotic equilibrium optimization algorithm
Remote sensing images
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02491-0
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