Rapid generation advancement of RIL population and assessing the impact of Rhizobium nodulation on crop yields in Chickpea
Abstract Chickpea, a widely cultivated legume, actively fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules through a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, progressing from F2 to F7 generations, was developed in a short-period of 18 months using the Rapid Ge...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98965-2 |
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| author | SwathiRekha Nandigam Mahesh Damodhar Mahendrakar Rajasekhar Srungarapu Uttam Chand Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan Srinivas Thati Srinivasa Rao Vatluri Srinivas Vadlamudi Anilkumar Vemula Himabindu Kudapa Srinivasan Samineni |
| author_facet | SwathiRekha Nandigam Mahesh Damodhar Mahendrakar Rajasekhar Srungarapu Uttam Chand Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan Srinivas Thati Srinivasa Rao Vatluri Srinivas Vadlamudi Anilkumar Vemula Himabindu Kudapa Srinivasan Samineni |
| author_sort | SwathiRekha Nandigam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Chickpea, a widely cultivated legume, actively fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules through a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, progressing from F2 to F7 generations, was developed in a short-period of 18 months using the Rapid Generation Advancement (RGA) protocol. The F7 RILs were evaluated during the 2020-21 and 2021-22 crop seasons under typical field conditions to quantify the effects of nodulation on seed yield (SY) and its associated traits. The analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) among genotypes for seed yield and other agronomic traits, with no significant seasonal effect. In the pooled analysis, nodulating genotypes (NG) exhibited a substantial increase (P < 0.01) in SY (62.55%), 100-seed weight (SW100; 12.21%), harvest index (HI; 6.40%), number of pods per plant (NPPP; 39.55%), and number of seeds per plant (NSPP; 44.37%) compared to non-nodulating genotypes (NNG). Both NG and NNG exhibited a significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation between SY and NPPP (r = 0.64 and 0.63), NSPP (r = 0.66 and 0.61), HI (r = 0.27), and number of primary branches per plant (PBr) (r = 0.31), respectively. The top-performing genotypes for yield and related traits were predominantly nodulating. Genotype-trait bi-plot analysis identified nine nodulating genotypes as the most adaptable across the two seasons—six for SY, plant height, SW100, and three for days to first flowering and maturity. These findings underscore the critical role of nodulation in maximizing chickpea yields and the significant yield penalties associated with non-nodulation. To boost chickpea production, future breeding efforts should focus on developing genotypes with high compatibility with rhizobium strains. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a62928af66ee43fdaea8141ea8f55776 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a62928af66ee43fdaea8141ea8f557762025-08-20T02:20:06ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-98965-2Rapid generation advancement of RIL population and assessing the impact of Rhizobium nodulation on crop yields in ChickpeaSwathiRekha Nandigam0Mahesh Damodhar Mahendrakar1Rajasekhar Srungarapu2Uttam Chand3Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan4Srinivas Thati5Srinivasa Rao Vatluri6Srinivas Vadlamudi7Anilkumar Vemula8Himabindu Kudapa9Srinivasan Samineni10International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU)Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Abstract Chickpea, a widely cultivated legume, actively fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules through a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, progressing from F2 to F7 generations, was developed in a short-period of 18 months using the Rapid Generation Advancement (RGA) protocol. The F7 RILs were evaluated during the 2020-21 and 2021-22 crop seasons under typical field conditions to quantify the effects of nodulation on seed yield (SY) and its associated traits. The analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) among genotypes for seed yield and other agronomic traits, with no significant seasonal effect. In the pooled analysis, nodulating genotypes (NG) exhibited a substantial increase (P < 0.01) in SY (62.55%), 100-seed weight (SW100; 12.21%), harvest index (HI; 6.40%), number of pods per plant (NPPP; 39.55%), and number of seeds per plant (NSPP; 44.37%) compared to non-nodulating genotypes (NNG). Both NG and NNG exhibited a significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation between SY and NPPP (r = 0.64 and 0.63), NSPP (r = 0.66 and 0.61), HI (r = 0.27), and number of primary branches per plant (PBr) (r = 0.31), respectively. The top-performing genotypes for yield and related traits were predominantly nodulating. Genotype-trait bi-plot analysis identified nine nodulating genotypes as the most adaptable across the two seasons—six for SY, plant height, SW100, and three for days to first flowering and maturity. These findings underscore the critical role of nodulation in maximizing chickpea yields and the significant yield penalties associated with non-nodulation. To boost chickpea production, future breeding efforts should focus on developing genotypes with high compatibility with rhizobium strains.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98965-2ChickpeaRhizobiumNodulationRapid generation advancement (RGA)Recombinant inbred line (RIL) populationNodulating and Non-nodulating genotypes |
| spellingShingle | SwathiRekha Nandigam Mahesh Damodhar Mahendrakar Rajasekhar Srungarapu Uttam Chand Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan Srinivas Thati Srinivasa Rao Vatluri Srinivas Vadlamudi Anilkumar Vemula Himabindu Kudapa Srinivasan Samineni Rapid generation advancement of RIL population and assessing the impact of Rhizobium nodulation on crop yields in Chickpea Scientific Reports Chickpea Rhizobium Nodulation Rapid generation advancement (RGA) Recombinant inbred line (RIL) population Nodulating and Non-nodulating genotypes |
| title | Rapid generation advancement of RIL population and assessing the impact of Rhizobium nodulation on crop yields in Chickpea |
| title_full | Rapid generation advancement of RIL population and assessing the impact of Rhizobium nodulation on crop yields in Chickpea |
| title_fullStr | Rapid generation advancement of RIL population and assessing the impact of Rhizobium nodulation on crop yields in Chickpea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid generation advancement of RIL population and assessing the impact of Rhizobium nodulation on crop yields in Chickpea |
| title_short | Rapid generation advancement of RIL population and assessing the impact of Rhizobium nodulation on crop yields in Chickpea |
| title_sort | rapid generation advancement of ril population and assessing the impact of rhizobium nodulation on crop yields in chickpea |
| topic | Chickpea Rhizobium Nodulation Rapid generation advancement (RGA) Recombinant inbred line (RIL) population Nodulating and Non-nodulating genotypes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98965-2 |
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