Macroeconomic dynamics and the long-run equilibrium analysis of the 4Is in import-dependent countries: how is the past different from the present?

Macroeconomic dynamics and the long-run equilibrium analysis of the 4Is in import-dependent countries: how is the past different from the present?

This paper investigates the macroeconomic interplay of income, inflation, investment, and import-dependence (the 4Is) in import-dependent countries, comparing trends from 1966–1999 to 2000–2022. Using Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analytical framework, it identifies empirical relations...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Deodat E. Adenutsi, Christian R.K. Ahortor, Johnson W. Ahiadorme
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cogent Economics & Finance
Subjects:
Inflation
investment
income
import dependence
panel ARDL model
Macroeconomics
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23322039.2025.2524575
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