University proceedings. Volga region. Natural sciences
Background.We suppose a comprehensive description of macrophyte communities using both the traditional allocation of dominant and subdominant species and an integral assessment of species diversity using the natural logarithmic Shannon index, the Pielou evenness index, and the Simpson diversity i...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Penza State University Publishing House
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион: Естественные науки |
| Subjects: | |
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| Summary: | Background.We suppose a comprehensive description of macrophyte communities
using both the traditional allocation of dominant and subdominant species and an integral
assessment of species diversity using the natural logarithmic Shannon index, the Pielou evenness
index, and the Simpson diversity index. Materials and methods.Three major water bodies
of Arzamas were studied: the Tesha River, the Shamka stream, and the Smirnovsky Pond,
which are subject to complex anthropogenic impact. The coastal-aquatic grass cover has a
large zonal differentiation, therefore, the communities of shoreline, as well as submerged
aquatic and floating vegetation are described separately. In the shoreline three sample plots
were studied in each biotope of 3 × 4 m2 (total – 36 m2), in the water, descriptions were carried
out in the surface water layer up to 2.5 m deep on three sample plots of 3 × 4 m2 (total – 36 m2).
Dominant and subdominant species were identified according to the 5-point quadratic-transformed
abundance scale of E. L. Lyubarsky. The anthropogenic load is assessed using a set
of herbaceous macrophyte indicative parameters: total projective cover, relative abundance
and composition of mass species, and the proportion of ruderal and adventitious species in
the floristic and cenotic spectra. Results.The peculiarity of the studied water bodies is their
drainage by highly mineralized groundwater, increased hardness, and high sulfate content in
the water.The species structure of aquatic vegetation is generally more spatially evened than
that of the shoreline herbaceous vegetation. A very high proportion of ruderal species in the
floristic and community spectra of the vegetation of the Smirnov Pond, the Shamka stream
and the Tesha River (sections No. 3 and No. 4) indicate an intense anthropogenic load caused
by both economic transformation and littering of the banks, as well as recreational impact.
A critical state of extremely disturbed and replaced by ruderal species of shoreline macrophyte
communities has developed in section No. 3 of the Tesha River and No. 6 of the
Shamka stream. Conclusions. In the conditions of pollution of water bodies of Arzamas the
dominance or mass development of species: Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb., Alisma plantago-
aquatica L., Juncus compressus Jacq, Núphar lútea L indicates intensive anthropogenic
eutrophication and municipal pollution. Under intensive anthropogenic load, weed vegetation
prevails in the coastal strip: Chenopodium album L., Arctium tomentosum L., Urtica dioica L.,
Potentilla anserina L., weed-meadow species are abundant. |
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| ISSN: | 2307-9150 |