<sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece
This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the content of carnosic acid (CA), 12-<i>O</i>-methyl-carnosic acid (12MCA), carnosol (CS), rosmanol (RO) and 7-<i>O</i>-methyl-<i>epi</i>-rosmanol (7MER) in 61 Lamiaceae plants growing in Greece, using...
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2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8361 |
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| author | Panagiotis Kallimanis Prokopios Magiatis Thalia Tsiaka Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis Angeliki Panagiotopoulou Ioanna Chinou |
| author_facet | Panagiotis Kallimanis Prokopios Magiatis Thalia Tsiaka Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis Angeliki Panagiotopoulou Ioanna Chinou |
| author_sort | Panagiotis Kallimanis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the content of carnosic acid (CA), 12-<i>O</i>-methyl-carnosic acid (12MCA), carnosol (CS), rosmanol (RO) and 7-<i>O</i>-methyl-<i>epi</i>-rosmanol (7MER) in 61 Lamiaceae plants growing in Greece, using <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR spectroscopy as a simple, rapid and direct method without sample deterioration. For this purpose, methanol extracts from 18 genera (e.g., <i>Salvia</i>, <i>Mentha</i>, <i>Melissa</i>, <i>Ocimum</i>) were analyzed using isolated and fully characterized metabolites, previously identified by our group, as standards. At least one of the target compounds was detected in 22 species, predominantly belonging to the genus <i>Salvia</i>. Notably, 7MER and RO were not detected in any extract. CA, CS and 12MCA were exclusively found in <i>Salvia</i> species, with <i>S. somalensis</i>, <i>S. officinalis</i> and <i>S. fruticosa</i> emerging as the richest sources of these diterpenes. Among them, <i>S. somalensis</i> showed the highest concentration of CA (>30 mg/g), while 12MCA was most abundant in <i>S. microphylla</i>. These results highlight <i>Salvia</i> as the most promising genus for the accumulation of bioactive abietane-type diterpenes. The implementation of <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR for such chemical profiling provides a reliable approach toward the phytochemical standardization of plant extracts, supporting their further use in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a6025db5fa2d42458ff8c28def25520a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-a6025db5fa2d42458ff8c28def25520a2025-08-20T04:00:53ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011515836110.3390/app15158361<sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in GreecePanagiotis Kallimanis0Prokopios Magiatis1Thalia Tsiaka2Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis3Angeliki Panagiotopoulou4Ioanna Chinou5Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Zografou, GreeceLaboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Zografou, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Egaleo Park Campus, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Egaleo Park Campus, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, GreeceInstitute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Attikis, GreeceLaboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Zografou, GreeceThis study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the content of carnosic acid (CA), 12-<i>O</i>-methyl-carnosic acid (12MCA), carnosol (CS), rosmanol (RO) and 7-<i>O</i>-methyl-<i>epi</i>-rosmanol (7MER) in 61 Lamiaceae plants growing in Greece, using <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR spectroscopy as a simple, rapid and direct method without sample deterioration. For this purpose, methanol extracts from 18 genera (e.g., <i>Salvia</i>, <i>Mentha</i>, <i>Melissa</i>, <i>Ocimum</i>) were analyzed using isolated and fully characterized metabolites, previously identified by our group, as standards. At least one of the target compounds was detected in 22 species, predominantly belonging to the genus <i>Salvia</i>. Notably, 7MER and RO were not detected in any extract. CA, CS and 12MCA were exclusively found in <i>Salvia</i> species, with <i>S. somalensis</i>, <i>S. officinalis</i> and <i>S. fruticosa</i> emerging as the richest sources of these diterpenes. Among them, <i>S. somalensis</i> showed the highest concentration of CA (>30 mg/g), while 12MCA was most abundant in <i>S. microphylla</i>. These results highlight <i>Salvia</i> as the most promising genus for the accumulation of bioactive abietane-type diterpenes. The implementation of <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR for such chemical profiling provides a reliable approach toward the phytochemical standardization of plant extracts, supporting their further use in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8361Lamiaceaeabietane-type diterpenes<sup>1</sup>H-qNMRcarnosic acidcarnosol |
| spellingShingle | Panagiotis Kallimanis Prokopios Magiatis Thalia Tsiaka Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis Angeliki Panagiotopoulou Ioanna Chinou <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece Applied Sciences Lamiaceae abietane-type diterpenes <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR carnosic acid carnosol |
| title | <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece |
| title_full | <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece |
| title_fullStr | <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece |
| title_full_unstemmed | <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece |
| title_short | <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece |
| title_sort | sup 1 sup h qnmr as a tool for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of abietane type diterpenes in lamiaceae species cultivated in greece |
| topic | Lamiaceae abietane-type diterpenes <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR carnosic acid carnosol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8361 |
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