<sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece

This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the content of carnosic acid (CA), 12-<i>O</i>-methyl-carnosic acid (12MCA), carnosol (CS), rosmanol (RO) and 7-<i>O</i>-methyl-<i>epi</i>-rosmanol (7MER) in 61 Lamiaceae plants growing in Greece, using...

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Main Authors: Panagiotis Kallimanis, Prokopios Magiatis, Thalia Tsiaka, Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis, Angeliki Panagiotopoulou, Ioanna Chinou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8361
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author Panagiotis Kallimanis
Prokopios Magiatis
Thalia Tsiaka
Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
Angeliki Panagiotopoulou
Ioanna Chinou
author_facet Panagiotis Kallimanis
Prokopios Magiatis
Thalia Tsiaka
Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
Angeliki Panagiotopoulou
Ioanna Chinou
author_sort Panagiotis Kallimanis
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the content of carnosic acid (CA), 12-<i>O</i>-methyl-carnosic acid (12MCA), carnosol (CS), rosmanol (RO) and 7-<i>O</i>-methyl-<i>epi</i>-rosmanol (7MER) in 61 Lamiaceae plants growing in Greece, using <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR spectroscopy as a simple, rapid and direct method without sample deterioration. For this purpose, methanol extracts from 18 genera (e.g., <i>Salvia</i>, <i>Mentha</i>, <i>Melissa</i>, <i>Ocimum</i>) were analyzed using isolated and fully characterized metabolites, previously identified by our group, as standards. At least one of the target compounds was detected in 22 species, predominantly belonging to the genus <i>Salvia</i>. Notably, 7MER and RO were not detected in any extract. CA, CS and 12MCA were exclusively found in <i>Salvia</i> species, with <i>S. somalensis</i>, <i>S. officinalis</i> and <i>S. fruticosa</i> emerging as the richest sources of these diterpenes. Among them, <i>S. somalensis</i> showed the highest concentration of CA (>30 mg/g), while 12MCA was most abundant in <i>S. microphylla</i>. These results highlight <i>Salvia</i> as the most promising genus for the accumulation of bioactive abietane-type diterpenes. The implementation of <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR for such chemical profiling provides a reliable approach toward the phytochemical standardization of plant extracts, supporting their further use in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulations.
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spelling doaj-art-a6025db5fa2d42458ff8c28def25520a2025-08-20T04:00:53ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011515836110.3390/app15158361<sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in GreecePanagiotis Kallimanis0Prokopios Magiatis1Thalia Tsiaka2Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis3Angeliki Panagiotopoulou4Ioanna Chinou5Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Zografou, GreeceLaboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Zografou, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Egaleo Park Campus, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Egaleo Park Campus, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, GreeceInstitute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Attikis, GreeceLaboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Zografou, GreeceThis study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the content of carnosic acid (CA), 12-<i>O</i>-methyl-carnosic acid (12MCA), carnosol (CS), rosmanol (RO) and 7-<i>O</i>-methyl-<i>epi</i>-rosmanol (7MER) in 61 Lamiaceae plants growing in Greece, using <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR spectroscopy as a simple, rapid and direct method without sample deterioration. For this purpose, methanol extracts from 18 genera (e.g., <i>Salvia</i>, <i>Mentha</i>, <i>Melissa</i>, <i>Ocimum</i>) were analyzed using isolated and fully characterized metabolites, previously identified by our group, as standards. At least one of the target compounds was detected in 22 species, predominantly belonging to the genus <i>Salvia</i>. Notably, 7MER and RO were not detected in any extract. CA, CS and 12MCA were exclusively found in <i>Salvia</i> species, with <i>S. somalensis</i>, <i>S. officinalis</i> and <i>S. fruticosa</i> emerging as the richest sources of these diterpenes. Among them, <i>S. somalensis</i> showed the highest concentration of CA (>30 mg/g), while 12MCA was most abundant in <i>S. microphylla</i>. These results highlight <i>Salvia</i> as the most promising genus for the accumulation of bioactive abietane-type diterpenes. The implementation of <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR for such chemical profiling provides a reliable approach toward the phytochemical standardization of plant extracts, supporting their further use in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8361Lamiaceaeabietane-type diterpenes<sup>1</sup>H-qNMRcarnosic acidcarnosol
spellingShingle Panagiotis Kallimanis
Prokopios Magiatis
Thalia Tsiaka
Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
Angeliki Panagiotopoulou
Ioanna Chinou
<sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece
Applied Sciences
Lamiaceae
abietane-type diterpenes
<sup>1</sup>H-qNMR
carnosic acid
carnosol
title <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece
title_full <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece
title_fullStr <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece
title_full_unstemmed <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece
title_short <sup>1</sup>H-qNMR as a Tool for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Abietane-Type Diterpenes in Lamiaceae Species Cultivated in Greece
title_sort sup 1 sup h qnmr as a tool for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of abietane type diterpenes in lamiaceae species cultivated in greece
topic Lamiaceae
abietane-type diterpenes
<sup>1</sup>H-qNMR
carnosic acid
carnosol
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8361
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