Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern Peru
BackgroundGlobal dementia prevalence estimates indicate a growing burden, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Factors such as education, socioeconomic status, and limited public health interventions contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. This...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| author | Jonathan Zegarra-Valdivia Leandro Pérez-Fernández Milagros Casimiro-Arana Harold Arana-Nombera Viviana Nayelli Gallegos-Manayay María del Rosario Oliva-Piscoya Reyna Alamo-Medina Eduardo Abanto-Saldaña Nobuko Vásquez-Zuñe Lisseth Detquizan Pérez Diana Gutierrez-Flores Leslie Lozada Tantarico Naydelin Hernández María Celinda Cruz-Ordinola Carmen Paredes-Manrique Brenda Chino-Vilca Brenda Chino-Vilca Gabriel Espinoza José Cabrejo Sheila Castro-Suarez Sheila Castro-Suarez Nilton Custodio Nilton Custodio |
| author_facet | Jonathan Zegarra-Valdivia Leandro Pérez-Fernández Milagros Casimiro-Arana Harold Arana-Nombera Viviana Nayelli Gallegos-Manayay María del Rosario Oliva-Piscoya Reyna Alamo-Medina Eduardo Abanto-Saldaña Nobuko Vásquez-Zuñe Lisseth Detquizan Pérez Diana Gutierrez-Flores Leslie Lozada Tantarico Naydelin Hernández María Celinda Cruz-Ordinola Carmen Paredes-Manrique Brenda Chino-Vilca Brenda Chino-Vilca Gabriel Espinoza José Cabrejo Sheila Castro-Suarez Sheila Castro-Suarez Nilton Custodio Nilton Custodio |
| author_sort | Jonathan Zegarra-Valdivia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundGlobal dementia prevalence estimates indicate a growing burden, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Factors such as education, socioeconomic status, and limited public health interventions contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia in middle-aged and older adults from northern Peru, as well as identify possible associated risk factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 385 participants aged 40 to 85 years from Chiclayo, Peru. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and INECO Frontal Screening (IFS). Functional activity and depression were evaluated with the Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants were classified as controls, MCI, or dementia based on education-adjusted cutoff scores of those scales through cognitive system classification tools.ResultsAccording to the results, 31.4% of the sample consisted of subjects without cognitive impairment, 40.5% were identified as possible cases of MCI, and 24.9% as possible cases of dementia. However, the percentages by age group are high. A lower educational level is associated with older age and correlates with lower cognitive scores and functional impairment. Age, hypertension, and hearing loss were significant risk factors for MCI and dementia.ConclusionThe prevalence of possible MCI and dementia in a city in north Peru is high, with a predominance of MCI and dementia in older adults. Age, low education, hypertension, and hearing loss are potential risk factors for cognitive impairment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a5f3225ee2ea414ba8a846310b93000f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-a5f3225ee2ea414ba8a846310b93000f2025-08-20T03:47:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-05-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15670731567073Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern PeruJonathan Zegarra-Valdivia0Leandro Pérez-Fernández1Milagros Casimiro-Arana2Harold Arana-Nombera3Viviana Nayelli Gallegos-Manayay4María del Rosario Oliva-Piscoya5Reyna Alamo-Medina6Eduardo Abanto-Saldaña7Nobuko Vásquez-Zuñe8Lisseth Detquizan Pérez9Diana Gutierrez-Flores10Leslie Lozada Tantarico11Naydelin Hernández12María Celinda Cruz-Ordinola13Carmen Paredes-Manrique14Brenda Chino-Vilca15Brenda Chino-Vilca16Gabriel Espinoza17José Cabrejo18Sheila Castro-Suarez19Sheila Castro-Suarez20Nilton Custodio21Nilton Custodio22Facultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de ciencias de la salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruFacultad de psicología, Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima, PeruCenter of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience-UCM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, SpainAchucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Bizkaia, SpainMinisterio De Salud MINSA, Lima, PeruHospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo ES SALUD Chiclayo, Chiclayo, PeruCBI en Demencias y Enfermedades Desmielinizantes del Sistema Nervioso, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, PeruAtlantic Senior Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesInstituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru0Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, PeruBackgroundGlobal dementia prevalence estimates indicate a growing burden, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Factors such as education, socioeconomic status, and limited public health interventions contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia in middle-aged and older adults from northern Peru, as well as identify possible associated risk factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 385 participants aged 40 to 85 years from Chiclayo, Peru. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and INECO Frontal Screening (IFS). Functional activity and depression were evaluated with the Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (PFAQ) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants were classified as controls, MCI, or dementia based on education-adjusted cutoff scores of those scales through cognitive system classification tools.ResultsAccording to the results, 31.4% of the sample consisted of subjects without cognitive impairment, 40.5% were identified as possible cases of MCI, and 24.9% as possible cases of dementia. However, the percentages by age group are high. A lower educational level is associated with older age and correlates with lower cognitive scores and functional impairment. Age, hypertension, and hearing loss were significant risk factors for MCI and dementia.ConclusionThe prevalence of possible MCI and dementia in a city in north Peru is high, with a predominance of MCI and dementia in older adults. Age, low education, hypertension, and hearing loss are potential risk factors for cognitive impairment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1567073/fullmild cognitive impairmentdementiarisk factorsnorthern Perucognitive declineprevalence |
| spellingShingle | Jonathan Zegarra-Valdivia Leandro Pérez-Fernández Milagros Casimiro-Arana Harold Arana-Nombera Viviana Nayelli Gallegos-Manayay María del Rosario Oliva-Piscoya Reyna Alamo-Medina Eduardo Abanto-Saldaña Nobuko Vásquez-Zuñe Lisseth Detquizan Pérez Diana Gutierrez-Flores Leslie Lozada Tantarico Naydelin Hernández María Celinda Cruz-Ordinola Carmen Paredes-Manrique Brenda Chino-Vilca Brenda Chino-Vilca Gabriel Espinoza José Cabrejo Sheila Castro-Suarez Sheila Castro-Suarez Nilton Custodio Nilton Custodio Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern Peru Frontiers in Public Health mild cognitive impairment dementia risk factors northern Peru cognitive decline prevalence |
| title | Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern Peru |
| title_full | Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern Peru |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern Peru |
| title_short | Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern Peru |
| title_sort | prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern peru |
| topic | mild cognitive impairment dementia risk factors northern Peru cognitive decline prevalence |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1567073/full |
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