Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light Curves
Some hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernovae (SNeIIP) exhibit evidence of a sustained energy source powering their light curves, resulting in a brighter and/or longer-lasting hydrogen recombination plateau phase. We present a semi-analytic SNIIP light-curve model that accounts for the effects of an a...
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad93a9 |
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| author | Tatsuya Matsumoto Brian D. Metzger Jared A. Goldberg |
| author_facet | Tatsuya Matsumoto Brian D. Metzger Jared A. Goldberg |
| author_sort | Tatsuya Matsumoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Some hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernovae (SNeIIP) exhibit evidence of a sustained energy source powering their light curves, resulting in a brighter and/or longer-lasting hydrogen recombination plateau phase. We present a semi-analytic SNIIP light-curve model that accounts for the effects of an arbitrary internal heating source, considering as special cases ^56 Ni/ ^56 Co decay, a central engine (magnetar or accreting compact object), and shock interaction with a dense circumstellar disk. While a sustained internal power source can boost the plateau luminosity commensurate with the magnitude of the power, the duration of the recombination plateau can typically be increased by at most a factor of ∼2–3 compared to the zero-heating case. For a given ejecta mass and initial kinetic energy, the longest plateau duration is achieved for a constant heating rate at the highest magnitude that does not appreciably accelerate the ejecta. This finding has implications for the minimum ejecta mass required to explain particularly long-lasting SNe, such as iPTF14hls, and for confidently identifying rare explosions of the most massive hydrogen-rich (e.g., Population III) stars. We present a number of analytic estimates that elucidate the key features of the detailed model. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-a5ebc136a5fb48948b25dff33210d9982025-08-20T02:00:02ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0197815610.3847/1538-4357/ad93a9Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light CurvesTatsuya Matsumoto0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9350-6793Brian D. Metzger1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-7509Jared A. Goldberg2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-3031Department of Physics and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University , Pupin Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Hakubi Center, Kyoto University , Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, JapanDepartment of Physics and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University , Pupin Hall, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010, USASome hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernovae (SNeIIP) exhibit evidence of a sustained energy source powering their light curves, resulting in a brighter and/or longer-lasting hydrogen recombination plateau phase. We present a semi-analytic SNIIP light-curve model that accounts for the effects of an arbitrary internal heating source, considering as special cases ^56 Ni/ ^56 Co decay, a central engine (magnetar or accreting compact object), and shock interaction with a dense circumstellar disk. While a sustained internal power source can boost the plateau luminosity commensurate with the magnitude of the power, the duration of the recombination plateau can typically be increased by at most a factor of ∼2–3 compared to the zero-heating case. For a given ejecta mass and initial kinetic energy, the longest plateau duration is achieved for a constant heating rate at the highest magnitude that does not appreciably accelerate the ejecta. This finding has implications for the minimum ejecta mass required to explain particularly long-lasting SNe, such as iPTF14hls, and for confidently identifying rare explosions of the most massive hydrogen-rich (e.g., Population III) stars. We present a number of analytic estimates that elucidate the key features of the detailed model.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad93a9Type II supernovae |
| spellingShingle | Tatsuya Matsumoto Brian D. Metzger Jared A. Goldberg Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light Curves The Astrophysical Journal Type II supernovae |
| title | Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light Curves |
| title_full | Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light Curves |
| title_fullStr | Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light Curves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light Curves |
| title_short | Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light Curves |
| title_sort | long plateau doth so how internal heating sources affect hydrogen rich supernova light curves |
| topic | Type II supernovae |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad93a9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tatsuyamatsumoto longplateaudothsohowinternalheatingsourcesaffecthydrogenrichsupernovalightcurves AT briandmetzger longplateaudothsohowinternalheatingsourcesaffecthydrogenrichsupernovalightcurves AT jaredagoldberg longplateaudothsohowinternalheatingsourcesaffecthydrogenrichsupernovalightcurves |