Safety and efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 after 2nd and 3rd dose in adults: a cross-sectional study

Background: The rapid global spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the lack of established therapeutic choices led to development of several vaccines. Our aim was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of the Oxford-AstraZeneca adenovirus vectored vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infe...

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Main Authors: Shahrbanoo Sedigh Sarooni, Malihe Mohammadi, Seyed Mohammad Riahi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Medical University of Gdańsk 2024-12-01
Series:European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ejtcm.gumed.edu.pl/articles/196493.pdf
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author Shahrbanoo Sedigh Sarooni
Malihe Mohammadi
Seyed Mohammad Riahi
author_facet Shahrbanoo Sedigh Sarooni
Malihe Mohammadi
Seyed Mohammad Riahi
author_sort Shahrbanoo Sedigh Sarooni
collection DOAJ
description Background: The rapid global spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the lack of established therapeutic choices led to development of several vaccines. Our aim was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of the Oxford-AstraZeneca adenovirus vectored vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in people who were vaccinated with 2 or 3 doses of it. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to September 2021 on 997 people, who had received at least 2 doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. Demographic and clinical data were recorded using a questionnaire. The effectiveness of the vaccine was calculated based on the percentage of vaccinated people with confirmed and probable cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SPSS software was used for data analysis, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was chosen. Results: After vaccination with the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> doses, 355 (35.6%) and 26 (8.3%) participants contracted the SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. Breakthrough infection after the 2<sup>nd</sup> dose was significantly higher in females (p < 0.001), those with older age (p = 0.021), diabetes (p = 0.003) and hypertension (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 infection after the 3<sup>rd</sup> dose and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.022) and a history of infection after the second dose (p < 0.001). The prevalence of vaccine side effects after the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> doses was 51.7% and 13.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 increased from 64.4% after 2 doses to 91.7% after the 3<sup>rd</sup> dose, therefore it is recommended to administer a 3<sup>rd</sup> dose to ensure strong immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Based on our data the safety of this vaccine is acceptable.
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spelling doaj-art-a5de51dabf734ffdae2e1bc1de0d4ac72025-08-20T03:35:32ZengMedical University of GdańskEuropean Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine2657-31482657-31562024-12-01722639196493Safety and efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 after 2nd and 3rd dose in adults: a cross-sectional studyShahrbanoo Sedigh Sarooni0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6465-6883Malihe Mohammadi1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4818-4510Seyed Mohammad Riahi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3184-2126Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IranBackground: The rapid global spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the lack of established therapeutic choices led to development of several vaccines. Our aim was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of the Oxford-AstraZeneca adenovirus vectored vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in people who were vaccinated with 2 or 3 doses of it. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to September 2021 on 997 people, who had received at least 2 doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. Demographic and clinical data were recorded using a questionnaire. The effectiveness of the vaccine was calculated based on the percentage of vaccinated people with confirmed and probable cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SPSS software was used for data analysis, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was chosen. Results: After vaccination with the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> doses, 355 (35.6%) and 26 (8.3%) participants contracted the SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. Breakthrough infection after the 2<sup>nd</sup> dose was significantly higher in females (p < 0.001), those with older age (p = 0.021), diabetes (p = 0.003) and hypertension (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 infection after the 3<sup>rd</sup> dose and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.022) and a history of infection after the second dose (p < 0.001). The prevalence of vaccine side effects after the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> doses was 51.7% and 13.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in preventing SARS-CoV-2 increased from 64.4% after 2 doses to 91.7% after the 3<sup>rd</sup> dose, therefore it is recommended to administer a 3<sup>rd</sup> dose to ensure strong immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Based on our data the safety of this vaccine is acceptable.https://ejtcm.gumed.edu.pl/articles/196493.pdfsars-cov-2oxford-astrazenecaefficacysafetyadverse effects
spellingShingle Shahrbanoo Sedigh Sarooni
Malihe Mohammadi
Seyed Mohammad Riahi
Safety and efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 after 2nd and 3rd dose in adults: a cross-sectional study
European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine
sars-cov-2
oxford-astrazeneca
efficacy
safety
adverse effects
title Safety and efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 after 2nd and 3rd dose in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_full Safety and efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 after 2nd and 3rd dose in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Safety and efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 after 2nd and 3rd dose in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Safety and efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 after 2nd and 3rd dose in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_short Safety and efficacy of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 after 2nd and 3rd dose in adults: a cross-sectional study
title_sort safety and efficacy of the oxford astrazeneca vaccine against sars cov 2 after 2nd and 3rd dose in adults a cross sectional study
topic sars-cov-2
oxford-astrazeneca
efficacy
safety
adverse effects
url https://ejtcm.gumed.edu.pl/articles/196493.pdf
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