Energy Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction Potentials of Major Household Appliances in China Leveraging the LEAP Model
Household appliances constitute the second largest source of residential energy consumption in China, accounting for over 20% of the total and exhibiting a steady growth trend. Despite their substantial impact on energy demand and carbon emissions, a comprehensive analysis of the current status and...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2615 |
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| author | Runhao Guo Aijun Xu Heng Li |
| author_facet | Runhao Guo Aijun Xu Heng Li |
| author_sort | Runhao Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Household appliances constitute the second largest source of residential energy consumption in China, accounting for over 20% of the total and exhibiting a steady growth trend. Despite their substantial impact on energy demand and carbon emissions, a comprehensive analysis of the current status and future trends of household appliances in China is still lacking. This study employs the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) system to model energy consumption and carbon emissions for five major household appliances (air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, TVs, and water heaters) from 2022 to 2052. Three scenarios were analyzed: a Reference (REF) scenario (current trends), an Existing Policy Option (EPO) scenario (current energy-saving measures), and a Further Strengthening (FUR) scenario (enhanced efficiency measures). Key results show that by 2052, the EPO scenario achieves cumulative savings of 1074.8 billion kWh and reduces emissions by 580.7 million metric tons of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent compared to REF. The FUR scenario yields substantially greater benefits, demonstrating the significant potential of strengthened policies. This analysis underscores the critical role of improving appliance energy efficiency and provides vital insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to reduce residential sector emissions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a5d99437ba34413c8dc0d45edea1281a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-a5d99437ba34413c8dc0d45edea1281a2025-08-20T04:00:53ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-07-011515261510.3390/buildings15152615Energy Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction Potentials of Major Household Appliances in China Leveraging the LEAP ModelRunhao Guo0Aijun Xu1Heng Li2School of Transport and Logistics, Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511300, ChinaAcademic Affairs Office, Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511300, ChinaDepartment of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaHousehold appliances constitute the second largest source of residential energy consumption in China, accounting for over 20% of the total and exhibiting a steady growth trend. Despite their substantial impact on energy demand and carbon emissions, a comprehensive analysis of the current status and future trends of household appliances in China is still lacking. This study employs the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) system to model energy consumption and carbon emissions for five major household appliances (air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, TVs, and water heaters) from 2022 to 2052. Three scenarios were analyzed: a Reference (REF) scenario (current trends), an Existing Policy Option (EPO) scenario (current energy-saving measures), and a Further Strengthening (FUR) scenario (enhanced efficiency measures). Key results show that by 2052, the EPO scenario achieves cumulative savings of 1074.8 billion kWh and reduces emissions by 580.7 million metric tons of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent compared to REF. The FUR scenario yields substantially greater benefits, demonstrating the significant potential of strengthened policies. This analysis underscores the critical role of improving appliance energy efficiency and provides vital insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to reduce residential sector emissions.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2615household appliancesenergy consumptioncarbon emissionsLEAP modelenergy efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Runhao Guo Aijun Xu Heng Li Energy Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction Potentials of Major Household Appliances in China Leveraging the LEAP Model Buildings household appliances energy consumption carbon emissions LEAP model energy efficiency |
| title | Energy Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction Potentials of Major Household Appliances in China Leveraging the LEAP Model |
| title_full | Energy Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction Potentials of Major Household Appliances in China Leveraging the LEAP Model |
| title_fullStr | Energy Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction Potentials of Major Household Appliances in China Leveraging the LEAP Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction Potentials of Major Household Appliances in China Leveraging the LEAP Model |
| title_short | Energy Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction Potentials of Major Household Appliances in China Leveraging the LEAP Model |
| title_sort | energy conservation and carbon emission reduction potentials of major household appliances in china leveraging the leap model |
| topic | household appliances energy consumption carbon emissions LEAP model energy efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2615 |
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