The tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and therapeutic resistance are profoundly influenced by the dynamic interplay within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The HCC TME comprises a complex network of cellular components, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macroph...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiaojun Su, Xiuli Yan, Hui Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Molecular Cancer
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02378-8
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