Enhancing crop water productivity and aquifer recharge in arid regions: Water balance insights for optimized hybrid irrigation in pecan orchards

Converting to drip irrigation from flood irrigation promises to increase crop water productivity (WPC) but at the potential costs of lower crop yield and less deep percolation that could recharge aquifers. This study hypothesizes a significant difference in recharge rates in pecan orchards under flo...

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Main Authors: Jorge L. Preciado, Alexander G. Fernald, Richard Heerema, Curt Pierce
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Agricultural Water Management
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377425002781
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author Jorge L. Preciado
Alexander G. Fernald
Richard Heerema
Curt Pierce
author_facet Jorge L. Preciado
Alexander G. Fernald
Richard Heerema
Curt Pierce
author_sort Jorge L. Preciado
collection DOAJ
description Converting to drip irrigation from flood irrigation promises to increase crop water productivity (WPC) but at the potential costs of lower crop yield and less deep percolation that could recharge aquifers. This study hypothesizes a significant difference in recharge rates in pecan orchards under flood and drip irrigation systems in the Mesilla Valley of southern New Mexico, USA, with differences in yield between the drip and the flood irrigation systems. For three years of measurements from 2019 to 2021, we found that of the total water applied, deep percolation rates were 11–52 % for the flood irrigated orchard and 4.4–4.8 % for the drip irrigated orchard, highlighting the greater efficiency of drip irrigation and greater deep percolation under flood irrigation. The results revealed that the drip irrigated orchard exhibited a higher WPC of 2.7 kg/mm, whereas the flood irrigated orchard yielded a WPC of 1.1 kg/mm during the study period. Even though the statistical analysis detected no significant differences in total in-shell weight or in-shell nut weight. These findings suggest that the observed differences between flood and drip irrigation systems do not translate to significant differences in total in-shell weight or in-shell nut weight. This study makes a significant contribution to existing literature by providing estimates and comparisons of deep percolation under different irrigation systems, using field data from pecan orchards. This research introduces a novel approach that optimizes the benefits of both irrigation systems. This hybrid approach has the potential to enhance water management practices in arid regions.
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spelling doaj-art-a5d3c2977e68413c815faaddd931e2a12025-08-20T03:09:48ZengElsevierAgricultural Water Management1873-22832025-06-0131510956410.1016/j.agwat.2025.109564Enhancing crop water productivity and aquifer recharge in arid regions: Water balance insights for optimized hybrid irrigation in pecan orchardsJorge L. Preciado0Alexander G. Fernald1Richard Heerema2Curt Pierce3New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States; Corresponding author.New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United StatesDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United StatesCooperative Extension, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland, CA 95963, United StatesConverting to drip irrigation from flood irrigation promises to increase crop water productivity (WPC) but at the potential costs of lower crop yield and less deep percolation that could recharge aquifers. This study hypothesizes a significant difference in recharge rates in pecan orchards under flood and drip irrigation systems in the Mesilla Valley of southern New Mexico, USA, with differences in yield between the drip and the flood irrigation systems. For three years of measurements from 2019 to 2021, we found that of the total water applied, deep percolation rates were 11–52 % for the flood irrigated orchard and 4.4–4.8 % for the drip irrigated orchard, highlighting the greater efficiency of drip irrigation and greater deep percolation under flood irrigation. The results revealed that the drip irrigated orchard exhibited a higher WPC of 2.7 kg/mm, whereas the flood irrigated orchard yielded a WPC of 1.1 kg/mm during the study period. Even though the statistical analysis detected no significant differences in total in-shell weight or in-shell nut weight. These findings suggest that the observed differences between flood and drip irrigation systems do not translate to significant differences in total in-shell weight or in-shell nut weight. This study makes a significant contribution to existing literature by providing estimates and comparisons of deep percolation under different irrigation systems, using field data from pecan orchards. This research introduces a novel approach that optimizes the benefits of both irrigation systems. This hybrid approach has the potential to enhance water management practices in arid regions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377425002781Deep percolationDrip irrigationFlood irrigationSoil moisturePecan yield
spellingShingle Jorge L. Preciado
Alexander G. Fernald
Richard Heerema
Curt Pierce
Enhancing crop water productivity and aquifer recharge in arid regions: Water balance insights for optimized hybrid irrigation in pecan orchards
Agricultural Water Management
Deep percolation
Drip irrigation
Flood irrigation
Soil moisture
Pecan yield
title Enhancing crop water productivity and aquifer recharge in arid regions: Water balance insights for optimized hybrid irrigation in pecan orchards
title_full Enhancing crop water productivity and aquifer recharge in arid regions: Water balance insights for optimized hybrid irrigation in pecan orchards
title_fullStr Enhancing crop water productivity and aquifer recharge in arid regions: Water balance insights for optimized hybrid irrigation in pecan orchards
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing crop water productivity and aquifer recharge in arid regions: Water balance insights for optimized hybrid irrigation in pecan orchards
title_short Enhancing crop water productivity and aquifer recharge in arid regions: Water balance insights for optimized hybrid irrigation in pecan orchards
title_sort enhancing crop water productivity and aquifer recharge in arid regions water balance insights for optimized hybrid irrigation in pecan orchards
topic Deep percolation
Drip irrigation
Flood irrigation
Soil moisture
Pecan yield
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377425002781
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