Effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and microbial communities of Leymus chinensis silage

Abstract Background Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel is a perennial high-quality indigenous grass in China; characterized by high yield, elevated crude protein content, excellent palatability, substantial leaf volume, adaptability, and longevity. This study aimed to examine the impact of Lactiplantiba...

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Main Authors: Yuting Yan, Muqier Zhao, Pengbo Sun, La Zhu, Xingquan Yan, Junfeng Hao, Qiang Si, Zhijun Wang, Yushan Jia, Mingjiu Wang, Weifeng Hou, Gentu Ge
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04023-2
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author Yuting Yan
Muqier Zhao
Pengbo Sun
La Zhu
Xingquan Yan
Junfeng Hao
Qiang Si
Zhijun Wang
Yushan Jia
Mingjiu Wang
Weifeng Hou
Gentu Ge
author_facet Yuting Yan
Muqier Zhao
Pengbo Sun
La Zhu
Xingquan Yan
Junfeng Hao
Qiang Si
Zhijun Wang
Yushan Jia
Mingjiu Wang
Weifeng Hou
Gentu Ge
author_sort Yuting Yan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel is a perennial high-quality indigenous grass in China; characterized by high yield, elevated crude protein content, excellent palatability, substantial leaf volume, adaptability, and longevity. This study aimed to examine the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), Lactobacillus buhneri (LB), their combination (LPLB), and complex enzyme preparation (CE) on the quality and microbial community of Leymus chinensis silage. Results Throughout silage fermentation, pH levels decreased in all treatment groups relative to the control group. The LPLB group exhibited elevated levels of lactic acid (LA) and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, alongside reduced concentrations of acidic detergent fibre (ADF), and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content. It exhibited superior silage outcomes compared to the other groups. Lactobacillus predominated in the treatment groups, but Enterobacter was predominant in the control group. The microbial diversity was decreased in LP and LPLB within the treatment groups due to the suppression of unwanted bacteria. Functional predictions indicated that glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, amino sugar metabolism, and nucleotide sugar metabolism were the most significant metabolic pathways, with LP being particularly important in each. Conclusion The experimental results demonstrated that the incorporation of various additives influenced the bacterial community structure, fermentation quality, and nutrient composition of Leymus chinensis silage differently. The LP and LPLB groups decreased pH and ADF levels and amassed a significant quantity of LA during fermentation, while preserving CP and WSC content. The microbial composition exhibited greater stability, which markedly enhanced the quality of Leymus chinensis silage, hence preserving its nutrient composition. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-a5cfd67b32f84d5db6448073de6ddcdd2025-08-20T01:51:39ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-05-0125111510.1186/s12866-025-04023-2Effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and microbial communities of Leymus chinensis silageYuting Yan0Muqier Zhao1Pengbo Sun2La Zhu3Xingquan Yan4Junfeng Hao5Qiang Si6Zhijun Wang7Yushan Jia8Mingjiu Wang9Weifeng Hou10Gentu Ge11Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureXing’an League Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Scientific Research InstituteKey Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureAbstract Background Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel is a perennial high-quality indigenous grass in China; characterized by high yield, elevated crude protein content, excellent palatability, substantial leaf volume, adaptability, and longevity. This study aimed to examine the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), Lactobacillus buhneri (LB), their combination (LPLB), and complex enzyme preparation (CE) on the quality and microbial community of Leymus chinensis silage. Results Throughout silage fermentation, pH levels decreased in all treatment groups relative to the control group. The LPLB group exhibited elevated levels of lactic acid (LA) and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, alongside reduced concentrations of acidic detergent fibre (ADF), and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content. It exhibited superior silage outcomes compared to the other groups. Lactobacillus predominated in the treatment groups, but Enterobacter was predominant in the control group. The microbial diversity was decreased in LP and LPLB within the treatment groups due to the suppression of unwanted bacteria. Functional predictions indicated that glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, amino sugar metabolism, and nucleotide sugar metabolism were the most significant metabolic pathways, with LP being particularly important in each. Conclusion The experimental results demonstrated that the incorporation of various additives influenced the bacterial community structure, fermentation quality, and nutrient composition of Leymus chinensis silage differently. The LP and LPLB groups decreased pH and ADF levels and amassed a significant quantity of LA during fermentation, while preserving CP and WSC content. The microbial composition exhibited greater stability, which markedly enhanced the quality of Leymus chinensis silage, hence preserving its nutrient composition. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04023-2Leymus chinensisFermentationMicrobial communityLactiplantibacillus plantarumLactobacillus buchneri
spellingShingle Yuting Yan
Muqier Zhao
Pengbo Sun
La Zhu
Xingquan Yan
Junfeng Hao
Qiang Si
Zhijun Wang
Yushan Jia
Mingjiu Wang
Weifeng Hou
Gentu Ge
Effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and microbial communities of Leymus chinensis silage
BMC Microbiology
Leymus chinensis
Fermentation
Microbial community
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus buchneri
title Effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and microbial communities of Leymus chinensis silage
title_full Effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and microbial communities of Leymus chinensis silage
title_fullStr Effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and microbial communities of Leymus chinensis silage
title_full_unstemmed Effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and microbial communities of Leymus chinensis silage
title_short Effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and microbial communities of Leymus chinensis silage
title_sort effects of different additives on fermentation characteristics nutrient composition and microbial communities of leymus chinensis silage
topic Leymus chinensis
Fermentation
Microbial community
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus buchneri
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04023-2
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