Responses of the functional traits of wetland plants to variations in water levels and regimes—A global synthesis

Extreme hydrological events (such as intense precipitation, flooding, and drought) caused by global climate change threaten the stability of wetland ecosystems. Wetland plants' trait plasticity plays a critical role in buffering environmental fluctuations; however, the underlying adaptive mecha...

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Main Authors: Citian Li, Cong Liu, Changhui Peng, Tong Li, Binggeng Xie, Zelin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Ecological Informatics
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954125003619
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author Citian Li
Cong Liu
Changhui Peng
Tong Li
Binggeng Xie
Zelin Liu
author_facet Citian Li
Cong Liu
Changhui Peng
Tong Li
Binggeng Xie
Zelin Liu
author_sort Citian Li
collection DOAJ
description Extreme hydrological events (such as intense precipitation, flooding, and drought) caused by global climate change threaten the stability of wetland ecosystems. Wetland plants' trait plasticity plays a critical role in buffering environmental fluctuations; however, the underlying adaptive mechanisms, especially how multiple traits interact in response to rapid shifts in hydrological conditions, remain poorly understood. We performed a meta-analysis of 46 functional traits of wetland plants (2257 effect sizes from 85 studies) to examine their responses to water addition and reduction treatments. Our analysis revealed that wetland plants employ conservative strategies in response to reduced water levels and expansive strategies in response to increased water levels. The impact of changes in water levels on biomass allocation was the most significant. Under water limitation, conservative strategies reduce biomass; under water enrichment, acquisitive strategies promote biomass for rapid growth. Moreover, we found that the degree of response in plant functional traits increases with the intensity of the experimental conditions. We utilised network analysis for a detailed exploration of the topological relationships between the multiple traits of wetland plants under decreased versus increased water level conditions. The trait networks of wetland plants exhibited lower modularity and higher clustering under reduced than under increased water availability conditions, which suggests that under water-decreased conditions, wetland plants coordinate their trait responses to enhance resource utilisation efficiency. Considering the escalating of global climate change and wetland degradation, elucidating wetland plant trait response mechanisms to water changes is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies for sustainable wetland ecosystems.
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spelling doaj-art-a5cfbb7555d04f68a9892470f4a2bee82025-08-20T05:05:56ZengElsevierEcological Informatics1574-95412025-12-019010335210.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103352Responses of the functional traits of wetland plants to variations in water levels and regimes—A global synthesisCitian Li0Cong Liu1Changhui Peng2Tong Li3Binggeng Xie4Zelin Liu5College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaCollege of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Corresponding authors.College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, CanadaCollege of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaCollege of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaCollege of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Corresponding authors.Extreme hydrological events (such as intense precipitation, flooding, and drought) caused by global climate change threaten the stability of wetland ecosystems. Wetland plants' trait plasticity plays a critical role in buffering environmental fluctuations; however, the underlying adaptive mechanisms, especially how multiple traits interact in response to rapid shifts in hydrological conditions, remain poorly understood. We performed a meta-analysis of 46 functional traits of wetland plants (2257 effect sizes from 85 studies) to examine their responses to water addition and reduction treatments. Our analysis revealed that wetland plants employ conservative strategies in response to reduced water levels and expansive strategies in response to increased water levels. The impact of changes in water levels on biomass allocation was the most significant. Under water limitation, conservative strategies reduce biomass; under water enrichment, acquisitive strategies promote biomass for rapid growth. Moreover, we found that the degree of response in plant functional traits increases with the intensity of the experimental conditions. We utilised network analysis for a detailed exploration of the topological relationships between the multiple traits of wetland plants under decreased versus increased water level conditions. The trait networks of wetland plants exhibited lower modularity and higher clustering under reduced than under increased water availability conditions, which suggests that under water-decreased conditions, wetland plants coordinate their trait responses to enhance resource utilisation efficiency. Considering the escalating of global climate change and wetland degradation, elucidating wetland plant trait response mechanisms to water changes is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies for sustainable wetland ecosystems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954125003619Functional traitsBiomassGlobal scaleWetlandAdaptation strategies
spellingShingle Citian Li
Cong Liu
Changhui Peng
Tong Li
Binggeng Xie
Zelin Liu
Responses of the functional traits of wetland plants to variations in water levels and regimes—A global synthesis
Ecological Informatics
Functional traits
Biomass
Global scale
Wetland
Adaptation strategies
title Responses of the functional traits of wetland plants to variations in water levels and regimes—A global synthesis
title_full Responses of the functional traits of wetland plants to variations in water levels and regimes—A global synthesis
title_fullStr Responses of the functional traits of wetland plants to variations in water levels and regimes—A global synthesis
title_full_unstemmed Responses of the functional traits of wetland plants to variations in water levels and regimes—A global synthesis
title_short Responses of the functional traits of wetland plants to variations in water levels and regimes—A global synthesis
title_sort responses of the functional traits of wetland plants to variations in water levels and regimes a global synthesis
topic Functional traits
Biomass
Global scale
Wetland
Adaptation strategies
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954125003619
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