High Prevalence of Lesions of Systemic Hypertension in Bile-Extracted Asiatic Black Bears (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) and Associated Renal Disease

High Prevalence of Lesions of Systemic Hypertension in Bile-Extracted Asiatic Black Bears (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) and Associated Renal Disease

Approximately 17,000 bears undergo bile extraction in facilities across Asia for traditional medicines despite the availability of proven alternatives. Bears are confined to cages and bile harvested from the gallbladder via needle aspiration, implanted catheters, or transabdominal fistulas. Bile-ext...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Monica K. H. Bando, O. Lynne Nelson, Kyle Taylor, Rance Sellon, Clark Kogan, Jill Robinson, Emily Drayton, Claudia Hartley, David Donaldson, Chris Linney, Hannah Stephenson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
aortic aneurysm
Asiatic black bear
bear bile
hypertensive retinopathy
left ventricular hypertrophy
renal disease
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1940
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