Preliminary application of a cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion model for lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic clinical practice
Objective·To construct a cervical vertebra image segmentation model by using a diffusion model with the Transformer deep learning algorithm, and evaluate its segmentation performance, to address the clinical challenge of accurately assessing complex changes in skeletal morphology during the growth a...
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Editorial Office of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue xuebao. Yixue ban |
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| Online Access: | https://xuebao.shsmu.edu.cn/article/2024/1674-8115/1674-8115-2024-44-12-1579.shtml |
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| author | LIU Yang WU Mengyi HU Yao QI Kun WANG Yubin ZHAO Yue SONG Jinlin |
| author_facet | LIU Yang WU Mengyi HU Yao QI Kun WANG Yubin ZHAO Yue SONG Jinlin |
| author_sort | LIU Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective·To construct a cervical vertebra image segmentation model by using a diffusion model with the Transformer deep learning algorithm, and evaluate its segmentation performance, to address the clinical challenge of accurately assessing complex changes in skeletal morphology during the growth and developmental peaks of malocclusion.Methods·Accurate cervical vertebra segmentation was performed on cephalometric radiographs from 185 orthodontic patients (44 cases from the Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and 141 cases from the Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University) by using a method combining Transformer and diffusion models. First, the images were preprocessed to crop out the cervical vertebra region of interest, and all data were randomly divided into a training set (79.6%) and a test set (20.4%). The diffusion model and a conditional model based on U-Net were utilized for feature extraction, with a Transformer module introduced to learn the interaction between noise and semantic features. Multi-scale images were fused to enhance fine structure and boundary texture features in low-contrast images. The proposed method was compared with U-Net and SOLOv2 methods. The segmentation performance was quantitatively evaluated by two metrics, Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Intersection over Union (IoU), and also qualitatively assessed through physicians' manual annotations and model visualization results.Results·The cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion models achieved DSC and IoU scores of 93.3% and 87.5%, respectively, significantly outperforming the U-Net and SOLOv2 methods (with improvements of 3.0% and 4.1% in DSC, and 5.2% and 7.1% in loU, respectively). Despite the longer processing time for a single image, segmentation accuracy was significantly improved. Compared with U-Net and SOLOv2, the proposed method also showed higher stability and robustness in processing complex, low-contrast and blurred-boundary images, and was able to accurately segment the cervical vertebrae with clear boundaries and complete structures.Conclusion·The Transformer-based diffusion model for cervical vertebra segmentation can enhance the edge and texture features in cervical vertebra images and recognize the boundaries of different vertebrae more easily. Thus, automatic, accurate, and robust cervical vertebra segmentation results are achieved, which can assist in cervical vertebral maturation analysis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a5af0ec93d024ef48bcab990cc3c8620 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1674-8115 |
| language | zho |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Editorial Office of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue xuebao. Yixue ban |
| spelling | doaj-art-a5af0ec93d024ef48bcab990cc3c86202025-01-08T05:52:54ZzhoEditorial Office of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Medical Science)Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue xuebao. Yixue ban1674-81152024-12-0144121579158610.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2024.12.0111674-8115（2024）12-1579-08Preliminary application of a cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion model for lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic clinical practiceLIU Yang0WU Mengyi1HU Yao2QI Kun3WANG Yubin4ZHAO Yue5SONG Jinlin6Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing401147, ChinaSchool of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing400065, ChinaSchool of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing400065, ChinaDepartment of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710004, ChinaSchool of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing400065, ChinaSchool of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing400065, ChinaDepartment of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing401147, ChinaObjective·To construct a cervical vertebra image segmentation model by using a diffusion model with the Transformer deep learning algorithm, and evaluate its segmentation performance, to address the clinical challenge of accurately assessing complex changes in skeletal morphology during the growth and developmental peaks of malocclusion.Methods·Accurate cervical vertebra segmentation was performed on cephalometric radiographs from 185 orthodontic patients (44 cases from the Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and 141 cases from the Stomatological Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University) by using a method combining Transformer and diffusion models. First, the images were preprocessed to crop out the cervical vertebra region of interest, and all data were randomly divided into a training set (79.6%) and a test set (20.4%). The diffusion model and a conditional model based on U-Net were utilized for feature extraction, with a Transformer module introduced to learn the interaction between noise and semantic features. Multi-scale images were fused to enhance fine structure and boundary texture features in low-contrast images. The proposed method was compared with U-Net and SOLOv2 methods. The segmentation performance was quantitatively evaluated by two metrics, Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Intersection over Union (IoU), and also qualitatively assessed through physicians' manual annotations and model visualization results.Results·The cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion models achieved DSC and IoU scores of 93.3% and 87.5%, respectively, significantly outperforming the U-Net and SOLOv2 methods (with improvements of 3.0% and 4.1% in DSC, and 5.2% and 7.1% in loU, respectively). Despite the longer processing time for a single image, segmentation accuracy was significantly improved. Compared with U-Net and SOLOv2, the proposed method also showed higher stability and robustness in processing complex, low-contrast and blurred-boundary images, and was able to accurately segment the cervical vertebrae with clear boundaries and complete structures.Conclusion·The Transformer-based diffusion model for cervical vertebra segmentation can enhance the edge and texture features in cervical vertebra images and recognize the boundaries of different vertebrae more easily. Thus, automatic, accurate, and robust cervical vertebra segmentation results are achieved, which can assist in cervical vertebral maturation analysis.https://xuebao.shsmu.edu.cn/article/2024/1674-8115/1674-8115-2024-44-12-1579.shtmldiffusion modelcervical vertebra segmentationdeep learninglateral cephalometric radiograph |
| spellingShingle | LIU Yang WU Mengyi HU Yao QI Kun WANG Yubin ZHAO Yue SONG Jinlin Preliminary application of a cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion model for lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic clinical practice Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue xuebao. Yixue ban diffusion model cervical vertebra segmentation deep learning lateral cephalometric radiograph |
| title | Preliminary application of a cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion model for lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic clinical practice |
| title_full | Preliminary application of a cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion model for lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic clinical practice |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary application of a cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion model for lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic clinical practice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary application of a cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion model for lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic clinical practice |
| title_short | Preliminary application of a cervical vertebra segmentation method based on Transformer and diffusion model for lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic clinical practice |
| title_sort | preliminary application of a cervical vertebra segmentation method based on transformer and diffusion model for lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic clinical practice |
| topic | diffusion model cervical vertebra segmentation deep learning lateral cephalometric radiograph |
| url | https://xuebao.shsmu.edu.cn/article/2024/1674-8115/1674-8115-2024-44-12-1579.shtml |
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