Mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on wound healing of Wistar rats post-excision mammary tumor based on IL-10 level, TGF-β1 expression, VEGF expression, Collagen density, and clinical features
Background: The incidence of wound complications after breast cancer surgery is > 30%. Delayed wound healing increases the risk of systemic recurrence up to three-fold after excisional surgery for primary breast cancer. Patients with breast malignant tumors, exhibit immune system dysfunction...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tripoli University
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Open Veterinary Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=231522 |
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| author | Nike Sari Oktavia Arifa Mustika Afif Nurul Hidayati |
| author_facet | Nike Sari Oktavia Arifa Mustika Afif Nurul Hidayati |
| author_sort | Nike Sari Oktavia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
The incidence of wound complications after breast cancer surgery is > 30%. Delayed wound healing increases the risk of systemic recurrence up to three-fold after excisional surgery for primary breast cancer. Patients with breast malignant tumors, exhibit immune system dysfunction while T cells play a major role in the inflammatory process of wound healing. The time required to achieve wound closure depends on the severity of the wound. The content of piper crocatum ethanol extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and polyphenols. Flavonoid and polyphenol compounds are antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiseptic, and antiinflammatory.
Aim:
To determine whether piper crocatum extract increases IL-10 levels, TGF-β1 and VEGF expression, collagen density, and the clinical features of wounds, and how the mechanism works on wound healing of Wistar rats after excision of mammary tumors.
Methods:
This study used 35 female Wistar rats, 30 mammary tumor models by injecting 3-5% benzopyrene as much as 50 mg/kg.BW in 5 injections into the mammary glands/mammae every 2 days as much as 10 mg/kg.BW. The 30 rats were divided into 5 groups; red betel extract gel 50%, 25%, 12.5%; povidone iodine (PI) group as a positive control; and carboxymethyl cellulose natrium (cmc na) group as a negative control, 5 normal wounds as controls. Treatment was given 2 times a day for 14 days.
Results:
Multiple linear regression results; Piper crocatum extract decreased IL-10 levels by -0.64 (p = 0.025), decreased TGF-β1 expression -0.832 (p = 0.001), increased VEGF expression by 0.638 (p = 0.026), and decreased collagen density by -0.605 (p = 0.037) in mammary tumor post-excision rat wounds.
Conclusion:
The mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on the wounds of Wistar rats post-excision of mammary tumors through decreased IL-10 levels and TGF-β1 expression, increased VEGF expression, and decreased collagen density through increased VEGF expression. [Open Vet J 2025; 15(3.000): 1264-1278] |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a5a35a5392164ccca9613a7fa5db695a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2226-4485 2218-6050 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Tripoli University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Veterinary Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-a5a35a5392164ccca9613a7fa5db695a2025-08-20T03:09:12ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2226-44852218-60502025-03-011531264127810.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i3.18231522Mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on wound healing of Wistar rats post-excision mammary tumor based on IL-10 level, TGF-β1 expression, VEGF expression, Collagen density, and clinical featuresNike Sari Oktavia0Arifa Mustika1Afif Nurul Hidayati2Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Surabaya East Java 60132 Indonesia Department of Anatomy Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Surabaya East Java 60132 Indonesia Department of Dermatology Venereology and Aesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East of Java 60132, IndonesiaBackground: The incidence of wound complications after breast cancer surgery is > 30%. Delayed wound healing increases the risk of systemic recurrence up to three-fold after excisional surgery for primary breast cancer. Patients with breast malignant tumors, exhibit immune system dysfunction while T cells play a major role in the inflammatory process of wound healing. The time required to achieve wound closure depends on the severity of the wound. The content of piper crocatum ethanol extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and polyphenols. Flavonoid and polyphenol compounds are antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiseptic, and antiinflammatory. Aim: To determine whether piper crocatum extract increases IL-10 levels, TGF-β1 and VEGF expression, collagen density, and the clinical features of wounds, and how the mechanism works on wound healing of Wistar rats after excision of mammary tumors. Methods: This study used 35 female Wistar rats, 30 mammary tumor models by injecting 3-5% benzopyrene as much as 50 mg/kg.BW in 5 injections into the mammary glands/mammae every 2 days as much as 10 mg/kg.BW. The 30 rats were divided into 5 groups; red betel extract gel 50%, 25%, 12.5%; povidone iodine (PI) group as a positive control; and carboxymethyl cellulose natrium (cmc na) group as a negative control, 5 normal wounds as controls. Treatment was given 2 times a day for 14 days. Results: Multiple linear regression results; Piper crocatum extract decreased IL-10 levels by -0.64 (p = 0.025), decreased TGF-β1 expression -0.832 (p = 0.001), increased VEGF expression by 0.638 (p = 0.026), and decreased collagen density by -0.605 (p = 0.037) in mammary tumor post-excision rat wounds. Conclusion: The mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on the wounds of Wistar rats post-excision of mammary tumors through decreased IL-10 levels and TGF-β1 expression, increased VEGF expression, and decreased collagen density through increased VEGF expression. [Open Vet J 2025; 15(3.000): 1264-1278]http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=231522piper crocatum extractil-10 leveltgf-β1 expressionvegf expressioncollagen density |
| spellingShingle | Nike Sari Oktavia Arifa Mustika Afif Nurul Hidayati Mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on wound healing of Wistar rats post-excision mammary tumor based on IL-10 level, TGF-β1 expression, VEGF expression, Collagen density, and clinical features Open Veterinary Journal piper crocatum extract il-10 level tgf-β1 expression vegf expression collagen density |
| title | Mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on wound healing of Wistar rats post-excision mammary tumor based on IL-10 level, TGF-β1 expression, VEGF expression, Collagen density, and clinical features |
| title_full | Mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on wound healing of Wistar rats post-excision mammary tumor based on IL-10 level, TGF-β1 expression, VEGF expression, Collagen density, and clinical features |
| title_fullStr | Mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on wound healing of Wistar rats post-excision mammary tumor based on IL-10 level, TGF-β1 expression, VEGF expression, Collagen density, and clinical features |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on wound healing of Wistar rats post-excision mammary tumor based on IL-10 level, TGF-β1 expression, VEGF expression, Collagen density, and clinical features |
| title_short | Mechanism of the effect of Piper crocatum extract on wound healing of Wistar rats post-excision mammary tumor based on IL-10 level, TGF-β1 expression, VEGF expression, Collagen density, and clinical features |
| title_sort | mechanism of the effect of piper crocatum extract on wound healing of wistar rats post excision mammary tumor based on il 10 level tgf β1 expression vegf expression collagen density and clinical features |
| topic | piper crocatum extract il-10 level tgf-β1 expression vegf expression collagen density |
| url | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=231522 |
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