Enhanced microstructure, strength, and wear resistance of AA2024-AlB2 composites via multi-pass friction stir processing

This study investigates the effect of multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear properties of AA2024 Al alloy reinforced with AlB2 particles. Cross-sectional analysis reveals a progressive improvement in particle distribution with additional FSP passes, a...

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Main Authors: Mahna Nikzad-Dinan, Roohollah Jamaati, Hamed Jamshidi Aval
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542500866X
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author Mahna Nikzad-Dinan
Roohollah Jamaati
Hamed Jamshidi Aval
author_facet Mahna Nikzad-Dinan
Roohollah Jamaati
Hamed Jamshidi Aval
author_sort Mahna Nikzad-Dinan
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the effect of multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear properties of AA2024 Al alloy reinforced with AlB2 particles. Cross-sectional analysis reveals a progressive improvement in particle distribution with additional FSP passes, attributed to increased strain rates and temperatures in the stir zone. Grain sizes within the stir zone expand as FSP passes increase from one to three, with values shifting from 1.2 ± 0.2 to 3.5 ± 0.2 μm. Samples with AlB2 reinforcement show finer grain sizes due to the pinning effect of particles, resulting in enhanced microstructural stability. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates an increase in AlB2 formation, rising from 6 % to 11 % with additional passes, driven by higher temperatures and strain in the stir zone. Hardness measurements reveal an increase from 120.3 ± 2.3 HV0.1 in the base metal to 158.7 ± 4.3 HV0.1 in AlB2-containing samples, attributed to uniform particle distribution and AlB2 formation. Tensile tests show improved yield strength and ultimate tensile strength in reinforced samples, with strength and toughness gains of approximately 25 % and 4 % after three passes. Wear tests show decreased friction coefficients and wear rates in AlB2-containing samples, with rates reducing to 4.5 μg/m, highlighting the wear-resistant properties imparted by AlB2 particles.
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spelling doaj-art-a5a296d953c14cf8a264b2f8035369e82025-08-20T03:18:11ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01364293430710.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.043Enhanced microstructure, strength, and wear resistance of AA2024-AlB2 composites via multi-pass friction stir processingMahna Nikzad-Dinan0Roohollah Jamaati1Hamed Jamshidi Aval2Department of Materials Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol, 47148-71167, IranDepartment of Materials Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol, 47148-71167, IranCorresponding author.; Department of Materials Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol, 47148-71167, IranThis study investigates the effect of multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear properties of AA2024 Al alloy reinforced with AlB2 particles. Cross-sectional analysis reveals a progressive improvement in particle distribution with additional FSP passes, attributed to increased strain rates and temperatures in the stir zone. Grain sizes within the stir zone expand as FSP passes increase from one to three, with values shifting from 1.2 ± 0.2 to 3.5 ± 0.2 μm. Samples with AlB2 reinforcement show finer grain sizes due to the pinning effect of particles, resulting in enhanced microstructural stability. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates an increase in AlB2 formation, rising from 6 % to 11 % with additional passes, driven by higher temperatures and strain in the stir zone. Hardness measurements reveal an increase from 120.3 ± 2.3 HV0.1 in the base metal to 158.7 ± 4.3 HV0.1 in AlB2-containing samples, attributed to uniform particle distribution and AlB2 formation. Tensile tests show improved yield strength and ultimate tensile strength in reinforced samples, with strength and toughness gains of approximately 25 % and 4 % after three passes. Wear tests show decreased friction coefficients and wear rates in AlB2-containing samples, with rates reducing to 4.5 μg/m, highlighting the wear-resistant properties imparted by AlB2 particles.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542500866XMulti-pass friction stir processingAl–AlB2 in-situ compositeMicrostructureMechanical properties
spellingShingle Mahna Nikzad-Dinan
Roohollah Jamaati
Hamed Jamshidi Aval
Enhanced microstructure, strength, and wear resistance of AA2024-AlB2 composites via multi-pass friction stir processing
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Multi-pass friction stir processing
Al–AlB2 in-situ composite
Microstructure
Mechanical properties
title Enhanced microstructure, strength, and wear resistance of AA2024-AlB2 composites via multi-pass friction stir processing
title_full Enhanced microstructure, strength, and wear resistance of AA2024-AlB2 composites via multi-pass friction stir processing
title_fullStr Enhanced microstructure, strength, and wear resistance of AA2024-AlB2 composites via multi-pass friction stir processing
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced microstructure, strength, and wear resistance of AA2024-AlB2 composites via multi-pass friction stir processing
title_short Enhanced microstructure, strength, and wear resistance of AA2024-AlB2 composites via multi-pass friction stir processing
title_sort enhanced microstructure strength and wear resistance of aa2024 alb2 composites via multi pass friction stir processing
topic Multi-pass friction stir processing
Al–AlB2 in-situ composite
Microstructure
Mechanical properties
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542500866X
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AT roohollahjamaati enhancedmicrostructurestrengthandwearresistanceofaa2024alb2compositesviamultipassfrictionstirprocessing
AT hamedjamshidiaval enhancedmicrostructurestrengthandwearresistanceofaa2024alb2compositesviamultipassfrictionstirprocessing