Quantum Dynamics in a Comb Geometry: Green Function Solutions with Nonlocal and Fractional Potentials

We investigate a generalized quantum Schrödinger equation in a comb-like structure that imposes geometric constraints on spatial variables. The model is extended by the introduction of nonlocal and fractional potentials to capture memory effects in both space and time. We consider four distinct scen...

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Main Authors: Enrique C. Gabrick, Ervin K. Lenzi, Antonio S. M. de Castro, José Trobia, Antonio M. Batista
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Fractal and Fractional
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/7/446
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author Enrique C. Gabrick
Ervin K. Lenzi
Antonio S. M. de Castro
José Trobia
Antonio M. Batista
author_facet Enrique C. Gabrick
Ervin K. Lenzi
Antonio S. M. de Castro
José Trobia
Antonio M. Batista
author_sort Enrique C. Gabrick
collection DOAJ
description We investigate a generalized quantum Schrödinger equation in a comb-like structure that imposes geometric constraints on spatial variables. The model is extended by the introduction of nonlocal and fractional potentials to capture memory effects in both space and time. We consider four distinct scenarios: (i) a time-dependent nonlocal potential, (ii) a spatially nonlocal potential, (iii) a combined space–time nonlocal interaction with memory kernels, and (iv) a fractional spatial derivative, which is related to distributions asymptotically governed by power laws and to a position-dependent effective mass. For each scenario, we propose solutions based on the Green’s function for arbitrary initial conditions and analyze the resulting quantum dynamics. Our results reveal distinct spreading regimes, depending on the type of non-locality and the fractional operator applied to the spatial variable. These findings contribute to the broader generalization of comb models and open new questions for exploring quantum dynamics in backbone-like structures.
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spelling doaj-art-a59f2ab3c8f449a0b3ec3fe87801ab7a2025-08-20T03:36:14ZengMDPI AGFractal and Fractional2504-31102025-07-019744610.3390/fractalfract9070446Quantum Dynamics in a Comb Geometry: Green Function Solutions with Nonlocal and Fractional PotentialsEnrique C. Gabrick0Ervin K. Lenzi1Antonio S. M. de Castro2José Trobia3Antonio M. Batista4Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, BrazilGraduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, BrazilGraduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, BrazilDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, BrazilGraduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, BrazilWe investigate a generalized quantum Schrödinger equation in a comb-like structure that imposes geometric constraints on spatial variables. The model is extended by the introduction of nonlocal and fractional potentials to capture memory effects in both space and time. We consider four distinct scenarios: (i) a time-dependent nonlocal potential, (ii) a spatially nonlocal potential, (iii) a combined space–time nonlocal interaction with memory kernels, and (iv) a fractional spatial derivative, which is related to distributions asymptotically governed by power laws and to a position-dependent effective mass. For each scenario, we propose solutions based on the Green’s function for arbitrary initial conditions and analyze the resulting quantum dynamics. Our results reveal distinct spreading regimes, depending on the type of non-locality and the fractional operator applied to the spatial variable. These findings contribute to the broader generalization of comb models and open new questions for exploring quantum dynamics in backbone-like structures.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/7/446comb modelsquantum dynamicsGreen’s function
spellingShingle Enrique C. Gabrick
Ervin K. Lenzi
Antonio S. M. de Castro
José Trobia
Antonio M. Batista
Quantum Dynamics in a Comb Geometry: Green Function Solutions with Nonlocal and Fractional Potentials
Fractal and Fractional
comb models
quantum dynamics
Green’s function
title Quantum Dynamics in a Comb Geometry: Green Function Solutions with Nonlocal and Fractional Potentials
title_full Quantum Dynamics in a Comb Geometry: Green Function Solutions with Nonlocal and Fractional Potentials
title_fullStr Quantum Dynamics in a Comb Geometry: Green Function Solutions with Nonlocal and Fractional Potentials
title_full_unstemmed Quantum Dynamics in a Comb Geometry: Green Function Solutions with Nonlocal and Fractional Potentials
title_short Quantum Dynamics in a Comb Geometry: Green Function Solutions with Nonlocal and Fractional Potentials
title_sort quantum dynamics in a comb geometry green function solutions with nonlocal and fractional potentials
topic comb models
quantum dynamics
Green’s function
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/7/446
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