Unhealthy Food Consumption Is Associated with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Brazilian Elderly People

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The factors associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are not yet fully understood in developing countries. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between food consumption and the occurrence of PASC in Brazilian elderly people. <b&...

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Main Authors: Guilherme José Silva Ribeiro, Rafaela Nogueira Gomes de Morais, Olufemi Gabriel Abimbola, Nalva de Paula Dias, Mariana De Santis Filgueiras, André de Araújo Pinto, Juliana Farias de Novaes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Infectious Disease Reports
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/17/2/25
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Summary:<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The factors associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are not yet fully understood in developing countries. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between food consumption and the occurrence of PASC in Brazilian elderly people. <b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional study included 1322 elderly people aged 60 or over, infected with SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, living in the state of Roraima in Brazil. Using the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN, in Portuguese) tool, food consumption markers were evaluated. The persistence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 was assessed three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). <b>Results</b>: Fruit consumption [PR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85–0.99] was associated with a lower occurrence of PASC, with a significant interaction in individuals aged 60 to 69 years old, not hospitalized, and those without chronic kidney disease. In addition, the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages [PR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12–1.35], sandwich cookies, sweets, and treats [PR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03–1.22] was positively associated with the occurrence of PASC in the elderly people, with a significant interaction in individuals living in the capital and without hypercholesterolemia. <b>Conclusions</b>: Unhealthy food consumption was associated with PASC in Brazilian elderly people. An improvement in the diet quality of elderly people is necessary to minimize health complications in PASC.
ISSN:2036-7449