Dynamic Path Planning for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles Based on CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Networks

This paper proposes a deeply integrated model called CAS-GNN, aiming to solve the collaborative path-planning problem for multi-agent vehicles operating in dynamic environments. Our proposed model integrates CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Network (GNN), and, by introducing a dynamic edge enhancement modu...

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Main Authors: Yuchu Ji, Rentong Sun, Yang Wang, Zijian Zhu, Zhenghao Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4283
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author Yuchu Ji
Rentong Sun
Yang Wang
Zijian Zhu
Zhenghao Liu
author_facet Yuchu Ji
Rentong Sun
Yang Wang
Zijian Zhu
Zhenghao Liu
author_sort Yuchu Ji
collection DOAJ
description This paper proposes a deeply integrated model called CAS-GNN, aiming to solve the collaborative path-planning problem for multi-agent vehicles operating in dynamic environments. Our proposed model integrates CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Network (GNN), and, by introducing a dynamic edge enhancement module and a dynamic edge weight update module, it improves the accuracy of obstacle boundary recognition in complex scenarios and adaptively changes the influence of different edges during the information transmission process. We generate data through online trajectory optimization to enhance the model’s adaptability to dynamic environments. Simulation results show that our proposed CAS-GNN model has good performance in path planning. In a dynamic scenario involving six vehicles, our model achieved a success rate of 92.8%, a collision rate of 0.0836%, and a trajectory efficiency of 64%. Compared with the traditional A-GNN model, our proposed CAS-GNN model improves the planning success rate by 2.7% and the trajectory efficiency by 8%, while reducing the collision rate by 23%.
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id doaj-art-a58f5b868dab4af4a8ead4122a6797c8
institution DOAJ
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-a58f5b868dab4af4a8ead4122a6797c82025-08-20T02:47:22ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514428310.3390/s25144283Dynamic Path Planning for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles Based on CAS-UNet and Graph Neural NetworksYuchu Ji0Rentong Sun1Yang Wang2Zijian Zhu3Zhenghao Liu4College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, ChinaCollege of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, ChinaCollege of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, ChinaCollege of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, ChinaCollege of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, ChinaThis paper proposes a deeply integrated model called CAS-GNN, aiming to solve the collaborative path-planning problem for multi-agent vehicles operating in dynamic environments. Our proposed model integrates CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Network (GNN), and, by introducing a dynamic edge enhancement module and a dynamic edge weight update module, it improves the accuracy of obstacle boundary recognition in complex scenarios and adaptively changes the influence of different edges during the information transmission process. We generate data through online trajectory optimization to enhance the model’s adaptability to dynamic environments. Simulation results show that our proposed CAS-GNN model has good performance in path planning. In a dynamic scenario involving six vehicles, our model achieved a success rate of 92.8%, a collision rate of 0.0836%, and a trajectory efficiency of 64%. Compared with the traditional A-GNN model, our proposed CAS-GNN model improves the planning success rate by 2.7% and the trajectory efficiency by 8%, while reducing the collision rate by 23%.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4283path planninggraph neural networkattention mechanismsmulti-unmanned autonomous vehicles
spellingShingle Yuchu Ji
Rentong Sun
Yang Wang
Zijian Zhu
Zhenghao Liu
Dynamic Path Planning for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles Based on CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Networks
Sensors
path planning
graph neural network
attention mechanisms
multi-unmanned autonomous vehicles
title Dynamic Path Planning for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles Based on CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Networks
title_full Dynamic Path Planning for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles Based on CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Networks
title_fullStr Dynamic Path Planning for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles Based on CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Networks
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic Path Planning for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles Based on CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Networks
title_short Dynamic Path Planning for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles Based on CAS-UNet and Graph Neural Networks
title_sort dynamic path planning for unmanned autonomous vehicles based on cas unet and graph neural networks
topic path planning
graph neural network
attention mechanisms
multi-unmanned autonomous vehicles
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4283
work_keys_str_mv AT yuchuji dynamicpathplanningforunmannedautonomousvehiclesbasedoncasunetandgraphneuralnetworks
AT rentongsun dynamicpathplanningforunmannedautonomousvehiclesbasedoncasunetandgraphneuralnetworks
AT yangwang dynamicpathplanningforunmannedautonomousvehiclesbasedoncasunetandgraphneuralnetworks
AT zijianzhu dynamicpathplanningforunmannedautonomousvehiclesbasedoncasunetandgraphneuralnetworks
AT zhenghaoliu dynamicpathplanningforunmannedautonomousvehiclesbasedoncasunetandgraphneuralnetworks