An Integrated Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems to Stabilize the Frequency of the Power Grid Through Primary Frequency Regulation
As the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power systems continues to increase, their volatility and unpredictability have exacerbated the burden of frequency regulation (FR) on conventional generator units (CGUs). Therefore, to reduce frequency deviations caused by comprehensive distu...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/246 |
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| author | Dan Zhou Zhiwei Zou Yangqing Dan Chenxuan Wang Chenyuan Teng Yuanlong Zhu |
| author_facet | Dan Zhou Zhiwei Zou Yangqing Dan Chenxuan Wang Chenyuan Teng Yuanlong Zhu |
| author_sort | Dan Zhou |
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| description | As the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power systems continues to increase, their volatility and unpredictability have exacerbated the burden of frequency regulation (FR) on conventional generator units (CGUs). Therefore, to reduce frequency deviations caused by comprehensive disturbances and improve system frequency stability, this paper proposes an integrated strategy for hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) to participate in primary frequency regulation (PFR) of the regional power grid. Once the power grid frequency exceeds the deadband (DB) of the HESS, the high-frequency signs of the power grid frequency are managed by the battery energy storage system (BESS) through a division strategy, while the remaining parts are allocated to pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES). By incorporating positive and negative virtual inertia control and adaptive droop control, the BESS effectively maintains its state of charge (SOC), reduces the steady-state frequency deviation of the system, and provides rapid frequency support. When the system frequency lies within the DB of the HESS, an SOC self-recovery strategy restores the BESS SOC to an ideal range, further enhancing its long-term frequency regulation (FR) capability. Finally, a regional power grid FR model is established in the RT-1000 real-time simulation system. Simulation validation is conducted under three scenarios: step disturbances, short-term continuous disturbances, and long-term RES disturbances. The results show that the proposed integrated strategy for HESS participation in PFR not only significantly improves system frequency stability but also enhances the FR capability of the BESS. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a58c452d88324065897437bd4859be8b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-a58c452d88324065897437bd4859be8b2025-01-24T13:30:46ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118224610.3390/en18020246An Integrated Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems to Stabilize the Frequency of the Power Grid Through Primary Frequency RegulationDan Zhou0Zhiwei Zou1Yangqing Dan2Chenxuan Wang3Chenyuan Teng4Yuanlong Zhu5College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaState Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Economic and Technological Research Institute, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaState Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Economic and Technological Research Institute, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaShengxing Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310013, ChinaAs the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power systems continues to increase, their volatility and unpredictability have exacerbated the burden of frequency regulation (FR) on conventional generator units (CGUs). Therefore, to reduce frequency deviations caused by comprehensive disturbances and improve system frequency stability, this paper proposes an integrated strategy for hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) to participate in primary frequency regulation (PFR) of the regional power grid. Once the power grid frequency exceeds the deadband (DB) of the HESS, the high-frequency signs of the power grid frequency are managed by the battery energy storage system (BESS) through a division strategy, while the remaining parts are allocated to pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES). By incorporating positive and negative virtual inertia control and adaptive droop control, the BESS effectively maintains its state of charge (SOC), reduces the steady-state frequency deviation of the system, and provides rapid frequency support. When the system frequency lies within the DB of the HESS, an SOC self-recovery strategy restores the BESS SOC to an ideal range, further enhancing its long-term frequency regulation (FR) capability. Finally, a regional power grid FR model is established in the RT-1000 real-time simulation system. Simulation validation is conducted under three scenarios: step disturbances, short-term continuous disturbances, and long-term RES disturbances. The results show that the proposed integrated strategy for HESS participation in PFR not only significantly improves system frequency stability but also enhances the FR capability of the BESS.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/246primary frequency regulationhybrid energy storage systemfrequency regulation deadbandfrequency division commandvirtual inertial controladaptive droop control |
| spellingShingle | Dan Zhou Zhiwei Zou Yangqing Dan Chenxuan Wang Chenyuan Teng Yuanlong Zhu An Integrated Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems to Stabilize the Frequency of the Power Grid Through Primary Frequency Regulation Energies primary frequency regulation hybrid energy storage system frequency regulation deadband frequency division command virtual inertial control adaptive droop control |
| title | An Integrated Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems to Stabilize the Frequency of the Power Grid Through Primary Frequency Regulation |
| title_full | An Integrated Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems to Stabilize the Frequency of the Power Grid Through Primary Frequency Regulation |
| title_fullStr | An Integrated Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems to Stabilize the Frequency of the Power Grid Through Primary Frequency Regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Integrated Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems to Stabilize the Frequency of the Power Grid Through Primary Frequency Regulation |
| title_short | An Integrated Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems to Stabilize the Frequency of the Power Grid Through Primary Frequency Regulation |
| title_sort | integrated strategy for hybrid energy storage systems to stabilize the frequency of the power grid through primary frequency regulation |
| topic | primary frequency regulation hybrid energy storage system frequency regulation deadband frequency division command virtual inertial control adaptive droop control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/246 |
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