Unraveling the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance transmission and defense strategies in bacteria

Irrational antibiotic use contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections globally. Molecular research has shown that multiple resistance frequently develops from the uptake of pre-existing resistance genes, which are su...

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Main Authors: Ranjith Kumavath, Puja Gupta, Eswar Rao Tatta, Mahima S. Mohan, Simi Asma Salim, Siddhardha Busi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Systems Biology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsysb.2025.1557413/full
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author Ranjith Kumavath
Puja Gupta
Eswar Rao Tatta
Mahima S. Mohan
Simi Asma Salim
Siddhardha Busi
author_facet Ranjith Kumavath
Puja Gupta
Eswar Rao Tatta
Mahima S. Mohan
Simi Asma Salim
Siddhardha Busi
author_sort Ranjith Kumavath
collection DOAJ
description Irrational antibiotic use contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections globally. Molecular research has shown that multiple resistance frequently develops from the uptake of pre-existing resistance genes, which are subsequently intensified under selective pressures. Resistant genes spread and are acquired through mobile genetic elements which are essential for facilitating horizontal gene transfer. MGEs have been identified as carriers of genetic material and are a significant player in evolutionary processes. These include insertion sequences, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements, plasmids, and genomic islands, all of which can transfer between and within DNA molecules. With an emphasis on pathogenic bacteria, this review highlights the salient features of the MGEs that contribute to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. MGEs carry non-essential genes, including AMR and virulence genes, which can enhance the adaptability and fitness of their bacterial hosts. These elements employ evolutionary strategies to facilitate their replication and dissemination, thus enabling survival without positive selection for the harboring of beneficial genes.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-a57f435d11d647c9bc0dccbb789ab14a2025-08-20T03:59:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Systems Biology2674-07022025-08-01510.3389/fsysb.2025.15574131557413Unraveling the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance transmission and defense strategies in bacteriaRanjith Kumavath0Puja Gupta1Eswar Rao Tatta2Mahima S. Mohan3Simi Asma Salim4Siddhardha Busi5Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, RIMT University, Sirhind, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, IndiaIrrational antibiotic use contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections globally. Molecular research has shown that multiple resistance frequently develops from the uptake of pre-existing resistance genes, which are subsequently intensified under selective pressures. Resistant genes spread and are acquired through mobile genetic elements which are essential for facilitating horizontal gene transfer. MGEs have been identified as carriers of genetic material and are a significant player in evolutionary processes. These include insertion sequences, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements, plasmids, and genomic islands, all of which can transfer between and within DNA molecules. With an emphasis on pathogenic bacteria, this review highlights the salient features of the MGEs that contribute to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. MGEs carry non-essential genes, including AMR and virulence genes, which can enhance the adaptability and fitness of their bacterial hosts. These elements employ evolutionary strategies to facilitate their replication and dissemination, thus enabling survival without positive selection for the harboring of beneficial genes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsysb.2025.1557413/fullantibiotic resistancemobile genetic elementshorizontal gene transferbioinformaticsprokaryotic defense
spellingShingle Ranjith Kumavath
Puja Gupta
Eswar Rao Tatta
Mahima S. Mohan
Simi Asma Salim
Siddhardha Busi
Unraveling the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance transmission and defense strategies in bacteria
Frontiers in Systems Biology
antibiotic resistance
mobile genetic elements
horizontal gene transfer
bioinformatics
prokaryotic defense
title Unraveling the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance transmission and defense strategies in bacteria
title_full Unraveling the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance transmission and defense strategies in bacteria
title_fullStr Unraveling the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance transmission and defense strategies in bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance transmission and defense strategies in bacteria
title_short Unraveling the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance transmission and defense strategies in bacteria
title_sort unraveling the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance transmission and defense strategies in bacteria
topic antibiotic resistance
mobile genetic elements
horizontal gene transfer
bioinformatics
prokaryotic defense
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsysb.2025.1557413/full
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