Hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric severe aplastic anemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomes

Abstract Background Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and may adversely affect the prognosis of patients. However, the risk factors associated with HC and its influence on prognosis remain unclear in pediatric Severe aplastic anemia...

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Main Authors: Kai Cui, Senlin Zhang, Mingchu Liang, ChenChen He, Jie Chen, Yufeng Wei, Shaoyan Hu, Jie Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05505-y
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author Kai Cui
Senlin Zhang
Mingchu Liang
ChenChen He
Jie Chen
Yufeng Wei
Shaoyan Hu
Jie Li
author_facet Kai Cui
Senlin Zhang
Mingchu Liang
ChenChen He
Jie Chen
Yufeng Wei
Shaoyan Hu
Jie Li
author_sort Kai Cui
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and may adversely affect the prognosis of patients. However, the risk factors associated with HC and its influence on prognosis remain unclear in pediatric Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients who underwent haploidentical HSCT (haplo-HSCT). Methods Clinical data from 116 SAA patients who received haplo-HSCT based on the ‘Beijing Protocol’ at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between 2018 and 2023 were examined retrospectively. Potential risk factors were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and the effect of HC on overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. Results 32 out of 116 patients (27.6%) developed HC and the median time to onset of HC was 12 days (range: 1–157 days) after HSCT. In multivariate analysis, Very SAA (VSAA) (OR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.15–10.44), II-IV acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.05–7.18) and pre-transplant iron overload (OR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.27–11.94) were regarded as risk factors. Compared to the non-HC group and mild HC group, the severe HC group had the worst 2-year OS rates (non-HC: 94.0% ± 2.6%; mild HC: 96.0% ± 3.9%; severe HC: 71.4% ± 1.7%, P = 0.047). Conclusion For pediatric SAA patients, VSAA, II-IV aGVHD, and pre-transplant iron overload elevate the risk of HC following haplo-HSCT. The development of severe HC can affect the clinical outcomes of patients.
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spelling doaj-art-a575bc9cc8e748ffb6ed306a35ea48042025-08-20T02:49:06ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312025-03-012511810.1186/s12887-025-05505-yHemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric severe aplastic anemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomesKai Cui0Senlin Zhang1Mingchu Liang2ChenChen He3Jie Chen4Yufeng Wei5Shaoyan Hu6Jie Li7Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’S Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Children’S Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Nephrology and Immunology, Children’S Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Children’S Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Children’S Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Children’S Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Children’S Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Children’S Hospital of Soochow UniversityAbstract Background Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and may adversely affect the prognosis of patients. However, the risk factors associated with HC and its influence on prognosis remain unclear in pediatric Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients who underwent haploidentical HSCT (haplo-HSCT). Methods Clinical data from 116 SAA patients who received haplo-HSCT based on the ‘Beijing Protocol’ at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between 2018 and 2023 were examined retrospectively. Potential risk factors were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and the effect of HC on overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. Results 32 out of 116 patients (27.6%) developed HC and the median time to onset of HC was 12 days (range: 1–157 days) after HSCT. In multivariate analysis, Very SAA (VSAA) (OR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.15–10.44), II-IV acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.05–7.18) and pre-transplant iron overload (OR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.27–11.94) were regarded as risk factors. Compared to the non-HC group and mild HC group, the severe HC group had the worst 2-year OS rates (non-HC: 94.0% ± 2.6%; mild HC: 96.0% ± 3.9%; severe HC: 71.4% ± 1.7%, P = 0.047). Conclusion For pediatric SAA patients, VSAA, II-IV aGVHD, and pre-transplant iron overload elevate the risk of HC following haplo-HSCT. The development of severe HC can affect the clinical outcomes of patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05505-yHemorrhagic cystitisSevere aplastic anemiaHaploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantationRisk factorsChildren
spellingShingle Kai Cui
Senlin Zhang
Mingchu Liang
ChenChen He
Jie Chen
Yufeng Wei
Shaoyan Hu
Jie Li
Hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric severe aplastic anemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomes
BMC Pediatrics
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Severe aplastic anemia
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Risk factors
Children
title Hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric severe aplastic anemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomes
title_full Hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric severe aplastic anemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomes
title_fullStr Hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric severe aplastic anemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric severe aplastic anemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomes
title_short Hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric severe aplastic anemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomes
title_sort hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric severe aplastic anemia undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation incidence risk factors and outcomes
topic Hemorrhagic cystitis
Severe aplastic anemia
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Risk factors
Children
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05505-y
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