Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with developing severe retinopathy of prematurity
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and their combined presence (GDM-HDP) as perinatal risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods The hospital records of all premature infants referred to a...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Retina and Vitreous |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00635-y |
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| author | Narges Khoshtinat Maryam Moayeri Hanieh Fakhredin Afsar Dastjani Farahani Fariba Ghassemi Alireza Mahmoudi Fatemeh Bazvand Amin Nabavi |
| author_facet | Narges Khoshtinat Maryam Moayeri Hanieh Fakhredin Afsar Dastjani Farahani Fariba Ghassemi Alireza Mahmoudi Fatemeh Bazvand Amin Nabavi |
| author_sort | Narges Khoshtinat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose To evaluate the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and their combined presence (GDM-HDP) as perinatal risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods The hospital records of all premature infants referred to a tertiary center between 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Infants born to mothers with GDM, HDP, or both were selected for analysis. Demographic variables, perinatal risk factors, as well as clinical and treatment characteristics of the infants were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 1161 infants and 2322 eyes, including HDP group (1110 eyes from 555 infants), GDM group (944 eyes from 472 infants), and GDM-HDP group (268 eyes from 134 infants), were enrolled. The mean gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) for all infants were 31.6 ± 2.5 weeks and 1572 ± 427 g, respectively. A higher percentage of eyes (76.5%) in the GDM group were classified as ROP or incomplete vascularization compared to the HDP group (71.6%), with the prevalence of severe ROP also higher in the GDM group (13.5%) than in the HDP group (9.9%; P < 0.05 for both comparisons). The rates of ROP and severe ROP were similar between the GDM and GDM-HDP groups. When considering only infants with BW < 1500, the GDM group still exhibited a higher rate of ROP and severe ROP compared to the HDP group. Treatment was required in 17.5% of eyes in the GDM group, 16.8% in the GDM-HDP group, and 13.9% in the HDP group (P = 0.071). Conclusion GDM is a higher risk factor for ROP and developing severe ROP than HDP. However, the data indicate that careful monitoring and management of both GDM and HDP during pregnancy may be crucial in mitigating the risk of severe ROP. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a574fddd0bb6433d9c65b25df50ea89f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2056-9920 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | International Journal of Retina and Vitreous |
| spelling | doaj-art-a574fddd0bb6433d9c65b25df50ea89f2025-08-20T02:55:35ZengBMCInternational Journal of Retina and Vitreous2056-99202025-04-011111710.1186/s40942-025-00635-yAssociation of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with developing severe retinopathy of prematurityNarges Khoshtinat0Maryam Moayeri1Hanieh Fakhredin2Afsar Dastjani Farahani3Fariba Ghassemi4Alireza Mahmoudi5Fatemeh Bazvand6Amin Nabavi7Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Farabi HospitalEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Farabi HospitalEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Farabi HospitalEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Farabi HospitalEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Farabi HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of MedicineEye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Farabi HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterAbstract Purpose To evaluate the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and their combined presence (GDM-HDP) as perinatal risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods The hospital records of all premature infants referred to a tertiary center between 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Infants born to mothers with GDM, HDP, or both were selected for analysis. Demographic variables, perinatal risk factors, as well as clinical and treatment characteristics of the infants were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 1161 infants and 2322 eyes, including HDP group (1110 eyes from 555 infants), GDM group (944 eyes from 472 infants), and GDM-HDP group (268 eyes from 134 infants), were enrolled. The mean gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) for all infants were 31.6 ± 2.5 weeks and 1572 ± 427 g, respectively. A higher percentage of eyes (76.5%) in the GDM group were classified as ROP or incomplete vascularization compared to the HDP group (71.6%), with the prevalence of severe ROP also higher in the GDM group (13.5%) than in the HDP group (9.9%; P < 0.05 for both comparisons). The rates of ROP and severe ROP were similar between the GDM and GDM-HDP groups. When considering only infants with BW < 1500, the GDM group still exhibited a higher rate of ROP and severe ROP compared to the HDP group. Treatment was required in 17.5% of eyes in the GDM group, 16.8% in the GDM-HDP group, and 13.9% in the HDP group (P = 0.071). Conclusion GDM is a higher risk factor for ROP and developing severe ROP than HDP. However, the data indicate that careful monitoring and management of both GDM and HDP during pregnancy may be crucial in mitigating the risk of severe ROP.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00635-yHypertensive disorders of pregnancyGestational diabetes disorderRetinopathy prematurityPerinatal risk factors |
| spellingShingle | Narges Khoshtinat Maryam Moayeri Hanieh Fakhredin Afsar Dastjani Farahani Fariba Ghassemi Alireza Mahmoudi Fatemeh Bazvand Amin Nabavi Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with developing severe retinopathy of prematurity International Journal of Retina and Vitreous Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Gestational diabetes disorder Retinopathy prematurity Perinatal risk factors |
| title | Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with developing severe retinopathy of prematurity |
| title_full | Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with developing severe retinopathy of prematurity |
| title_fullStr | Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with developing severe retinopathy of prematurity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with developing severe retinopathy of prematurity |
| title_short | Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with developing severe retinopathy of prematurity |
| title_sort | association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with developing severe retinopathy of prematurity |
| topic | Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Gestational diabetes disorder Retinopathy prematurity Perinatal risk factors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00635-y |
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