Plant immunity to insect herbivores: mechanisms, interactions, and innovations for sustainable pest management

Plant–insect interactions pose a major threat to global food security and ecological stability. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying plant immunity against herbivorous insects, with emphasis on structural defenses, secondary metaboli...

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Main Authors: Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan, Mi Young Noh, Ki Beom Park, Tae Yoon Kim, Woo-Jin Jung, Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan, Yeon Soo Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1599450/full
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author Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
Mi Young Noh
Ki Beom Park
Tae Yoon Kim
Woo-Jin Jung
Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
Yeon Soo Han
author_facet Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
Mi Young Noh
Ki Beom Park
Tae Yoon Kim
Woo-Jin Jung
Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
Yeon Soo Han
author_sort Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
collection DOAJ
description Plant–insect interactions pose a major threat to global food security and ecological stability. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying plant immunity against herbivorous insects, with emphasis on structural defenses, secondary metabolites, and hormone signaling pathways including Jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene. It highlights key advances in understanding defense signaling crosstalk, effector-triggered responses, and the role of microbiota and environmental cues. The review further discusses insect counterstrategies and explores cutting-edge technologies-CRISPR/Cas9, RNA interference, and metabolic engineering that are reshaping pest management. However, challenges remain, including limited field validation of engineered traits, ecological trade-offs, and regulatory hurdles. We conclude by outlining future research directions focused on multi-omics integration, climate-resilient defense networks, and ethical deployment of plant biotechnologies within sustainable agroecosystems.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Plant Science
spelling doaj-art-a56f57c2a71b453d855e5ebafa7b68542025-08-20T03:30:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-07-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15994501599450Plant immunity to insect herbivores: mechanisms, interactions, and innovations for sustainable pest managementPrabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan0Mi Young Noh1Ki Beom Park2Tae Yoon Kim3Woo-Jin Jung4Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan5Yeon Soo Han6Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Forest Resources, AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaResearch & Development Center, Invirustech Co., Inc, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaFarmInTech Co., Inc, Gokseong-gun, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaDivision of Bio-pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaPlant–insect interactions pose a major threat to global food security and ecological stability. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying plant immunity against herbivorous insects, with emphasis on structural defenses, secondary metabolites, and hormone signaling pathways including Jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene. It highlights key advances in understanding defense signaling crosstalk, effector-triggered responses, and the role of microbiota and environmental cues. The review further discusses insect counterstrategies and explores cutting-edge technologies-CRISPR/Cas9, RNA interference, and metabolic engineering that are reshaping pest management. However, challenges remain, including limited field validation of engineered traits, ecological trade-offs, and regulatory hurdles. We conclude by outlining future research directions focused on multi-omics integration, climate-resilient defense networks, and ethical deployment of plant biotechnologies within sustainable agroecosystems.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1599450/fullplant-insect interactionsplant immunitysustainable pest managementbiotechnological approachesclimate changeplant defense
spellingShingle Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
Mi Young Noh
Ki Beom Park
Tae Yoon Kim
Woo-Jin Jung
Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
Yeon Soo Han
Plant immunity to insect herbivores: mechanisms, interactions, and innovations for sustainable pest management
Frontiers in Plant Science
plant-insect interactions
plant immunity
sustainable pest management
biotechnological approaches
climate change
plant defense
title Plant immunity to insect herbivores: mechanisms, interactions, and innovations for sustainable pest management
title_full Plant immunity to insect herbivores: mechanisms, interactions, and innovations for sustainable pest management
title_fullStr Plant immunity to insect herbivores: mechanisms, interactions, and innovations for sustainable pest management
title_full_unstemmed Plant immunity to insect herbivores: mechanisms, interactions, and innovations for sustainable pest management
title_short Plant immunity to insect herbivores: mechanisms, interactions, and innovations for sustainable pest management
title_sort plant immunity to insect herbivores mechanisms interactions and innovations for sustainable pest management
topic plant-insect interactions
plant immunity
sustainable pest management
biotechnological approaches
climate change
plant defense
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1599450/full
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