An experimental and simulation study for hydrogen and short-chain alcohol along with diesel fuel on the CRDI engine behaviors

Hydrogen (H2) and ethanol (C2-type short-chain alcohol) mixtures are receiving significant interest as alternative fuel substitutes in diesel engines. This study numerical investigates the combined effects of using hydrogen and ethanol (at concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %) blends on a diesel en...

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Main Authors: Upendra Rajak, Manoj Panchal, Ibham Veza, Tikendra Nath Verma, Ümit Ağbulut
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:International Journal of Thermofluids
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202725000965
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author Upendra Rajak
Manoj Panchal
Ibham Veza
Tikendra Nath Verma
Ümit Ağbulut
author_facet Upendra Rajak
Manoj Panchal
Ibham Veza
Tikendra Nath Verma
Ümit Ağbulut
author_sort Upendra Rajak
collection DOAJ
description Hydrogen (H2) and ethanol (C2-type short-chain alcohol) mixtures are receiving significant interest as alternative fuel substitutes in diesel engines. This study numerical investigates the combined effects of using hydrogen and ethanol (at concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %) blends on a diesel engine's performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics using diesel R-K software. The results showed that nearly all hydrogen blend enrichments consistently produced higher BTE than that of only ethanol-added test fuel. Hydrogen availability in the combustion chamber also lowered the specific fuel consumption. Concerning the combustion characteristics, compared to the base fuel, the hydrogen enrichment increased the maximum cylinder pressure, while the ethanol decreased it. Increasing the amount of hydrogen for all engine loads leads to an observed improvement in brake thermal efficiency by 16.1 % and cylinder pressure by 3.3 % for BF(basefuel)+10%H2compared to base fuel at full load. This is attributed to the enhanced mixture formation and greater flame speed of hydrogen. Higher engine loads, including 15 % hydrogen resulted in increased exhaust temperature, soot, and NOx due to higher in-cylinder temperature value. However, it also led to considerable reductions in specific fuel consumption emissions, PM emissions, and smoke emissions across all loads. This study achieved higher levels of PM emission reduction, reaching up to 15 % hydrogen content. Furthermore, introducing 15 % hydrogen resulted in a significant surge in NOx emissions.
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spelling doaj-art-a55dcab308a54a62a88d8a578651c4e22025-08-20T03:05:42ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Thermofluids2666-20272025-03-012610114910.1016/j.ijft.2025.101149An experimental and simulation study for hydrogen and short-chain alcohol along with diesel fuel on the CRDI engine behaviorsUpendra Rajak0Manoj Panchal1Ibham Veza2Tikendra Nath Verma3Ümit Ağbulut4Department of Mechanical Engineering, RGM College of Engineering and Technology Nandyal-518501, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, RGM College of Engineering and Technology Nandyal-518501, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Bung Karno, Jl. Kimia No. 20. Menteng, Jakarta Pusat 10320, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal-462003, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkiye; Corresponding authors.Hydrogen (H2) and ethanol (C2-type short-chain alcohol) mixtures are receiving significant interest as alternative fuel substitutes in diesel engines. This study numerical investigates the combined effects of using hydrogen and ethanol (at concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %) blends on a diesel engine's performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics using diesel R-K software. The results showed that nearly all hydrogen blend enrichments consistently produced higher BTE than that of only ethanol-added test fuel. Hydrogen availability in the combustion chamber also lowered the specific fuel consumption. Concerning the combustion characteristics, compared to the base fuel, the hydrogen enrichment increased the maximum cylinder pressure, while the ethanol decreased it. Increasing the amount of hydrogen for all engine loads leads to an observed improvement in brake thermal efficiency by 16.1 % and cylinder pressure by 3.3 % for BF(basefuel)+10%H2compared to base fuel at full load. This is attributed to the enhanced mixture formation and greater flame speed of hydrogen. Higher engine loads, including 15 % hydrogen resulted in increased exhaust temperature, soot, and NOx due to higher in-cylinder temperature value. However, it also led to considerable reductions in specific fuel consumption emissions, PM emissions, and smoke emissions across all loads. This study achieved higher levels of PM emission reduction, reaching up to 15 % hydrogen content. Furthermore, introducing 15 % hydrogen resulted in a significant surge in NOx emissions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202725000965HydrogenEthanolClean energyEngine performanceCombustion
spellingShingle Upendra Rajak
Manoj Panchal
Ibham Veza
Tikendra Nath Verma
Ümit Ağbulut
An experimental and simulation study for hydrogen and short-chain alcohol along with diesel fuel on the CRDI engine behaviors
International Journal of Thermofluids
Hydrogen
Ethanol
Clean energy
Engine performance
Combustion
title An experimental and simulation study for hydrogen and short-chain alcohol along with diesel fuel on the CRDI engine behaviors
title_full An experimental and simulation study for hydrogen and short-chain alcohol along with diesel fuel on the CRDI engine behaviors
title_fullStr An experimental and simulation study for hydrogen and short-chain alcohol along with diesel fuel on the CRDI engine behaviors
title_full_unstemmed An experimental and simulation study for hydrogen and short-chain alcohol along with diesel fuel on the CRDI engine behaviors
title_short An experimental and simulation study for hydrogen and short-chain alcohol along with diesel fuel on the CRDI engine behaviors
title_sort experimental and simulation study for hydrogen and short chain alcohol along with diesel fuel on the crdi engine behaviors
topic Hydrogen
Ethanol
Clean energy
Engine performance
Combustion
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666202725000965
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