Wolf cranial morphology tracks population replacement in Fennoscandia
Humans have directly or indirectly contributed to the genetic and thus often phenotypic changes of many species. Anthropogenic pressures, such as persecution and hunting, have negatively affected wolf populations in northern Europe. In line with the genetic replacement that occurred during the twent...
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| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
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| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250358 |
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| author | Dominika Bujnáková Jouni Aspi Carsten Gundlach Laura Kvist Christy A. Hipsley |
| author_facet | Dominika Bujnáková Jouni Aspi Carsten Gundlach Laura Kvist Christy A. Hipsley |
| author_sort | Dominika Bujnáková |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Humans have directly or indirectly contributed to the genetic and thus often phenotypic changes of many species. Anthropogenic pressures, such as persecution and hunting, have negatively affected wolf populations in northern Europe. In line with the genetic replacement that occurred during the twentieth century following the extirpation of wolves from Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden) and their near-extirpation from Finland, we provide evidence of morphological changes in wolf cranial morphology across these populations. Using three-dimensional landmark-based geometric morphometrics, we show that modern wolves in Scandinavia and Finland have, on average, crania with wider frontal bones, wider and higher positioned zygomatic arches and more ventral flexion of the rostrum compared to the historical wolf populations. Although both populations differ in the magnitude and direction of shape change over time, the centroid size or overall size of the cranium, is significantly larger only in the modern Scandinavian wolves. Different genetic origins of the historical and modern populations have probably played a role in the observed morphological variation; however, it is also likely that morphology has been affected by the availability of different prey, which has changed over time. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a54e45662886493bb9bc9e98186acdff |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-a54e45662886493bb9bc9e98186acdff2025-08-20T02:40:26ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-06-0112610.1098/rsos.250358Wolf cranial morphology tracks population replacement in FennoscandiaDominika Bujnáková0Jouni Aspi1Carsten Gundlach2Laura Kvist3Christy A. Hipsley4Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandEcology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Physics, NEXMAP, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DenmarkEcology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandDepartment of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkHumans have directly or indirectly contributed to the genetic and thus often phenotypic changes of many species. Anthropogenic pressures, such as persecution and hunting, have negatively affected wolf populations in northern Europe. In line with the genetic replacement that occurred during the twentieth century following the extirpation of wolves from Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden) and their near-extirpation from Finland, we provide evidence of morphological changes in wolf cranial morphology across these populations. Using three-dimensional landmark-based geometric morphometrics, we show that modern wolves in Scandinavia and Finland have, on average, crania with wider frontal bones, wider and higher positioned zygomatic arches and more ventral flexion of the rostrum compared to the historical wolf populations. Although both populations differ in the magnitude and direction of shape change over time, the centroid size or overall size of the cranium, is significantly larger only in the modern Scandinavian wolves. Different genetic origins of the historical and modern populations have probably played a role in the observed morphological variation; however, it is also likely that morphology has been affected by the availability of different prey, which has changed over time.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250358geometric morphometricsCanis lupusskull shapepopulation extirpation |
| spellingShingle | Dominika Bujnáková Jouni Aspi Carsten Gundlach Laura Kvist Christy A. Hipsley Wolf cranial morphology tracks population replacement in Fennoscandia Royal Society Open Science geometric morphometrics Canis lupus skull shape population extirpation |
| title | Wolf cranial morphology tracks population replacement in Fennoscandia |
| title_full | Wolf cranial morphology tracks population replacement in Fennoscandia |
| title_fullStr | Wolf cranial morphology tracks population replacement in Fennoscandia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wolf cranial morphology tracks population replacement in Fennoscandia |
| title_short | Wolf cranial morphology tracks population replacement in Fennoscandia |
| title_sort | wolf cranial morphology tracks population replacement in fennoscandia |
| topic | geometric morphometrics Canis lupus skull shape population extirpation |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250358 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dominikabujnakova wolfcranialmorphologytrackspopulationreplacementinfennoscandia AT jouniaspi wolfcranialmorphologytrackspopulationreplacementinfennoscandia AT carstengundlach wolfcranialmorphologytrackspopulationreplacementinfennoscandia AT laurakvist wolfcranialmorphologytrackspopulationreplacementinfennoscandia AT christyahipsley wolfcranialmorphologytrackspopulationreplacementinfennoscandia |