Number Concentration, Size Distribution, and Lung-Deposited Surface Area of Airborne Particles in Three Urban Areas of Colombia

Airborne particulate matter is a major pollutant globally due to its impact on atmospheric processes and human health. Depending on their aerodynamic size, particles can penetrate the respiratory system, with ultrafine particles (UFPs) reaching the bloodstream and affecting vital organs. This study...

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Main Authors: Fabian L. Moreno Camacho, Daniela Bustos Quevedo, David Archila-Peña, Jorge E. Pachón, Néstor Y. Rojas, Lady Mateus-Fontecha, Karen Blanco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Atmosphere
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/558
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author Fabian L. Moreno Camacho
Daniela Bustos Quevedo
David Archila-Peña
Jorge E. Pachón
Néstor Y. Rojas
Lady Mateus-Fontecha
Karen Blanco
author_facet Fabian L. Moreno Camacho
Daniela Bustos Quevedo
David Archila-Peña
Jorge E. Pachón
Néstor Y. Rojas
Lady Mateus-Fontecha
Karen Blanco
author_sort Fabian L. Moreno Camacho
collection DOAJ
description Airborne particulate matter is a major pollutant globally due to its impact on atmospheric processes and human health. Depending on their aerodynamic size, particles can penetrate the respiratory system, with ultrafine particles (UFPs) reaching the bloodstream and affecting vital organs. This study investigates the particle number size distribution (PNSD), particle number concentration (PNC), and lung-deposited surface area (LDSA) in Bogotá, Cali, and Palmira, Colombia. Measurements were conducted at four sites representing different urban and industrial backgrounds using an Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI+). Due to the availability and operation of the device, observations were limited to a few days, so the results of this study are indicative and not generalized for the cities. UFP concentrations were highest in Cali (28,399 cm<sup>−3</sup>), three times higher than in San Cristóbal, Bogotá. Fine particles (FPs) exhibited similar patterns across the three cities, with higher concentrations in San Cristóbal (2421 cm<sup>−3</sup>). Coarse particles (CPs) were most prevalent in Palmira (41.37 cm<sup>−3</sup>), and the highest LDSA values were recorded in Palmira and Cali (>80 µm<sup>2</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup>), indicating a higher potential for respiratory deposition. These findings highlight the importance of PNSD in health risk assessment in urban areas, providing valuable insights for future studies and strategies to manage air quality in Colombia.
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spelling doaj-art-a53235c00c304ec39b1fcf2d48aca9772025-08-20T02:33:43ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-05-0116555810.3390/atmos16050558Number Concentration, Size Distribution, and Lung-Deposited Surface Area of Airborne Particles in Three Urban Areas of ColombiaFabian L. Moreno Camacho0Daniela Bustos Quevedo1David Archila-Peña2Jorge E. Pachón3Néstor Y. Rojas4Lady Mateus-Fontecha5Karen Blanco6Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaEnvironmental and Sanitary Engineering Program, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá 111711, ColombiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, ColombiaAirborne particulate matter is a major pollutant globally due to its impact on atmospheric processes and human health. Depending on their aerodynamic size, particles can penetrate the respiratory system, with ultrafine particles (UFPs) reaching the bloodstream and affecting vital organs. This study investigates the particle number size distribution (PNSD), particle number concentration (PNC), and lung-deposited surface area (LDSA) in Bogotá, Cali, and Palmira, Colombia. Measurements were conducted at four sites representing different urban and industrial backgrounds using an Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI+). Due to the availability and operation of the device, observations were limited to a few days, so the results of this study are indicative and not generalized for the cities. UFP concentrations were highest in Cali (28,399 cm<sup>−3</sup>), three times higher than in San Cristóbal, Bogotá. Fine particles (FPs) exhibited similar patterns across the three cities, with higher concentrations in San Cristóbal (2421 cm<sup>−3</sup>). Coarse particles (CPs) were most prevalent in Palmira (41.37 cm<sup>−3</sup>), and the highest LDSA values were recorded in Palmira and Cali (>80 µm<sup>2</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup>), indicating a higher potential for respiratory deposition. These findings highlight the importance of PNSD in health risk assessment in urban areas, providing valuable insights for future studies and strategies to manage air quality in Colombia.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/558ultrafine particlesparticle number distributionlung depositionELPI+
spellingShingle Fabian L. Moreno Camacho
Daniela Bustos Quevedo
David Archila-Peña
Jorge E. Pachón
Néstor Y. Rojas
Lady Mateus-Fontecha
Karen Blanco
Number Concentration, Size Distribution, and Lung-Deposited Surface Area of Airborne Particles in Three Urban Areas of Colombia
Atmosphere
ultrafine particles
particle number distribution
lung deposition
ELPI+
title Number Concentration, Size Distribution, and Lung-Deposited Surface Area of Airborne Particles in Three Urban Areas of Colombia
title_full Number Concentration, Size Distribution, and Lung-Deposited Surface Area of Airborne Particles in Three Urban Areas of Colombia
title_fullStr Number Concentration, Size Distribution, and Lung-Deposited Surface Area of Airborne Particles in Three Urban Areas of Colombia
title_full_unstemmed Number Concentration, Size Distribution, and Lung-Deposited Surface Area of Airborne Particles in Three Urban Areas of Colombia
title_short Number Concentration, Size Distribution, and Lung-Deposited Surface Area of Airborne Particles in Three Urban Areas of Colombia
title_sort number concentration size distribution and lung deposited surface area of airborne particles in three urban areas of colombia
topic ultrafine particles
particle number distribution
lung deposition
ELPI+
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/558
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