Development of a Delivery Time-Period Selection Model for Urban Freight Using GPS Data

Developing policy instruments related to urban freight, such as congestion pricing, urban consolidation schemes, and off-hours delivery, requires an understanding of the distribution of shipment delivery times. Furthermore, agent-based urban freight simulators use relevant information (shipment deli...

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Main Authors: Ryota Kodera, Takanori Sakai, Tetsuro Hyodo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Smart Cities
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/8/1/31
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author Ryota Kodera
Takanori Sakai
Tetsuro Hyodo
author_facet Ryota Kodera
Takanori Sakai
Tetsuro Hyodo
author_sort Ryota Kodera
collection DOAJ
description Developing policy instruments related to urban freight, such as congestion pricing, urban consolidation schemes, and off-hours delivery, requires an understanding of the distribution of shipment delivery times. Furthermore, agent-based urban freight simulators use relevant information (shipment delivery time distribution or vehicle tour start time distribution) as input to simulate tour generation. However, studies focusing on shipment delivery time-period selection modeling are very limited. In this study, we propose a method using GPS trajectory data from the Tokyo Metropolitan Area to estimate a shipment delivery time-period selection model based on pseudo-shipment records inferred from GPS data. The results indicate that shipment distance, size, and destination attributes can explain the delivery times of goods. Moreover, we demonstrate the practicality of the model by comparing the simulation result with the observed data for three areas with distinct characteristics, concluding that the model could be applied to urban freight simulation models for accurately reproducing spatial heterogeneity in shipment delivery time periods. This study contributes to promoting smart city development and management by proposing a method to use big data to better understand deliveries and support the development of relevant advanced city logistics solutions.
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spelling doaj-art-a52347050aed4d7b87c0c7bbc646ea012025-08-20T02:04:07ZengMDPI AGSmart Cities2624-65112025-02-01813110.3390/smartcities8010031Development of a Delivery Time-Period Selection Model for Urban Freight Using GPS DataRyota Kodera0Takanori Sakai1Tetsuro Hyodo2Course of Maritime Technology and Logistics, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 2-1-6 Etchujima Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8533, JapanDepartment of Logistics and Information Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 2-1-6 Etchujima Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8533, JapanDepartment of Logistics and Information Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 2-1-6 Etchujima Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8533, JapanDeveloping policy instruments related to urban freight, such as congestion pricing, urban consolidation schemes, and off-hours delivery, requires an understanding of the distribution of shipment delivery times. Furthermore, agent-based urban freight simulators use relevant information (shipment delivery time distribution or vehicle tour start time distribution) as input to simulate tour generation. However, studies focusing on shipment delivery time-period selection modeling are very limited. In this study, we propose a method using GPS trajectory data from the Tokyo Metropolitan Area to estimate a shipment delivery time-period selection model based on pseudo-shipment records inferred from GPS data. The results indicate that shipment distance, size, and destination attributes can explain the delivery times of goods. Moreover, we demonstrate the practicality of the model by comparing the simulation result with the observed data for three areas with distinct characteristics, concluding that the model could be applied to urban freight simulation models for accurately reproducing spatial heterogeneity in shipment delivery time periods. This study contributes to promoting smart city development and management by proposing a method to use big data to better understand deliveries and support the development of relevant advanced city logistics solutions.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/8/1/31shipmenttime-period choiceGPS dataurban freightcity logisticsfreight modeling
spellingShingle Ryota Kodera
Takanori Sakai
Tetsuro Hyodo
Development of a Delivery Time-Period Selection Model for Urban Freight Using GPS Data
Smart Cities
shipment
time-period choice
GPS data
urban freight
city logistics
freight modeling
title Development of a Delivery Time-Period Selection Model for Urban Freight Using GPS Data
title_full Development of a Delivery Time-Period Selection Model for Urban Freight Using GPS Data
title_fullStr Development of a Delivery Time-Period Selection Model for Urban Freight Using GPS Data
title_full_unstemmed Development of a Delivery Time-Period Selection Model for Urban Freight Using GPS Data
title_short Development of a Delivery Time-Period Selection Model for Urban Freight Using GPS Data
title_sort development of a delivery time period selection model for urban freight using gps data
topic shipment
time-period choice
GPS data
urban freight
city logistics
freight modeling
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/8/1/31
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AT takanorisakai developmentofadeliverytimeperiodselectionmodelforurbanfreightusinggpsdata
AT tetsurohyodo developmentofadeliverytimeperiodselectionmodelforurbanfreightusinggpsdata