Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.

People living with HIV-1 (PLWH) treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have similar incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to people without HIV-1 (PWoH). Yet, roughly 25% PLWH worldwide are currently not accessing cART. The influence of CD4+ T cell depletion on human coronavirus...

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Main Authors: Ferdyansyah Sechan, Anne W M van den Hurk, T Sonia Boender, Maria Prins, Amy Matser, Margreet Bakker, Neeltje A Kootstra, Lia van der Hoek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLOS Global Public Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004610
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author Ferdyansyah Sechan
Anne W M van den Hurk
T Sonia Boender
Maria Prins
Amy Matser
Margreet Bakker
Neeltje A Kootstra
Lia van der Hoek
author_facet Ferdyansyah Sechan
Anne W M van den Hurk
T Sonia Boender
Maria Prins
Amy Matser
Margreet Bakker
Neeltje A Kootstra
Lia van der Hoek
author_sort Ferdyansyah Sechan
collection DOAJ
description People living with HIV-1 (PLWH) treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have similar incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to people without HIV-1 (PWoH). Yet, roughly 25% PLWH worldwide are currently not accessing cART. The influence of CD4+ T cell depletion on human coronavirus (HCoV) (re)infection risk, including SARS-CoV-2, is largely unknown. In this research, we investigated the incidence of infection by the four endemic HCoVs (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1), to inform on future reinfections by SARS-CoV-2. We compared the HCoV infection incidence rate between PLWH (n = 24) and PWoH (n = 25) who were followed up in 1984-1993; i.e., before cART became generally available in high income countries. Both populations were followed up at 6-month intervals for 7 or 8 years. We also compared the HCoV infection incidence rate among PLWH with and without immune deficiency, defined as CD4+ T cell count < 350 cell/mm3 and > 350 cell/mm3 respectively. We found that the antibody levels for all HCoVs were significantly lower in PLWH than PWoH across all timepoints. However, we observed no significant difference on HCoV infection incidence rate between PLWH and PWoH. We also observed no difference in HCoV infection incidence rate among PLWH with and without immune deficiency. We conclude that PLWH not on cART may not be at increased risk of HCoV reinfections.
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spelling doaj-art-a51b45fa30ad4b95a09e6a044b35c0b72025-08-20T02:36:49ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLOS Global Public Health2767-33752025-01-0156e000461010.1371/journal.pgph.0004610Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.Ferdyansyah SechanAnne W M van den HurkT Sonia BoenderMaria PrinsAmy MatserMargreet BakkerNeeltje A KootstraLia van der HoekPeople living with HIV-1 (PLWH) treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have similar incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to people without HIV-1 (PWoH). Yet, roughly 25% PLWH worldwide are currently not accessing cART. The influence of CD4+ T cell depletion on human coronavirus (HCoV) (re)infection risk, including SARS-CoV-2, is largely unknown. In this research, we investigated the incidence of infection by the four endemic HCoVs (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1), to inform on future reinfections by SARS-CoV-2. We compared the HCoV infection incidence rate between PLWH (n = 24) and PWoH (n = 25) who were followed up in 1984-1993; i.e., before cART became generally available in high income countries. Both populations were followed up at 6-month intervals for 7 or 8 years. We also compared the HCoV infection incidence rate among PLWH with and without immune deficiency, defined as CD4+ T cell count < 350 cell/mm3 and > 350 cell/mm3 respectively. We found that the antibody levels for all HCoVs were significantly lower in PLWH than PWoH across all timepoints. However, we observed no significant difference on HCoV infection incidence rate between PLWH and PWoH. We also observed no difference in HCoV infection incidence rate among PLWH with and without immune deficiency. We conclude that PLWH not on cART may not be at increased risk of HCoV reinfections.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004610
spellingShingle Ferdyansyah Sechan
Anne W M van den Hurk
T Sonia Boender
Maria Prins
Amy Matser
Margreet Bakker
Neeltje A Kootstra
Lia van der Hoek
Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.
PLOS Global Public Health
title Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.
title_full Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.
title_fullStr Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.
title_full_unstemmed Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.
title_short Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.
title_sort untreated hiv 1 infection and low cd4 t cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus re infection
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004610
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