Phytochemical mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles from Euphorbia antiquorum: Synthesis, characterization & antibacterial activity

The plant extract of Euphorbia antiquorum was utilized to perform a green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The phytochemical components of the nanoparticles were subsequently examined. The ZnO NPs produced through biosynthesis were analyzed using several spectroscopic methods. The pl...

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Main Authors: Surya Sivakumar, Boobal Rangaswamy, Lathika Shanmugam, Kamalesh Marudhachalam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Next Nanotechnology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829525000798
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author Surya Sivakumar
Boobal Rangaswamy
Lathika Shanmugam
Kamalesh Marudhachalam
author_facet Surya Sivakumar
Boobal Rangaswamy
Lathika Shanmugam
Kamalesh Marudhachalam
author_sort Surya Sivakumar
collection DOAJ
description The plant extract of Euphorbia antiquorum was utilized to perform a green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The phytochemical components of the nanoparticles were subsequently examined. The ZnO NPs produced through biosynthesis were analyzed using several spectroscopic methods. The plant extract revealed the existence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, gums, and mucilages, which played a role in the production of ZnO NPs by decreasing metal ions and ensuring the stability of the process. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the unique spectra associated with ZnO NPs at a wavenumber of 455.20 cm−1. The nanoparticles were observed to have a nanoflake structure by analysis with the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The average size of the crystallites was determined to be 37 nm using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectra of ZnO NPs confirmed the nanoparticles production with very few impurities. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized NPs was assessed by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) against E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Vibrio sp., and Bacillus sp. The presence of phytochemicals and the activity against microorganisms evidenced the importance of NPs to prevent infection, promote wound healing and to treat diseases. This study determines that ZnO NPs possess substantial antibacterial properties against diverse aquatic pathogens, presenting them as a viable substitute for conventional antibiotics.
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spelling doaj-art-a51ae0fbba1b44608b3519676fbc85062025-08-20T03:33:35ZengElsevierNext Nanotechnology2949-82952025-01-01810021010.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100210Phytochemical mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles from Euphorbia antiquorum: Synthesis, characterization & antibacterial activitySurya Sivakumar0Boobal Rangaswamy1Lathika Shanmugam2Kamalesh Marudhachalam3Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, India; Corresponding author.Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, India; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, IndiaThe plant extract of Euphorbia antiquorum was utilized to perform a green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The phytochemical components of the nanoparticles were subsequently examined. The ZnO NPs produced through biosynthesis were analyzed using several spectroscopic methods. The plant extract revealed the existence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, gums, and mucilages, which played a role in the production of ZnO NPs by decreasing metal ions and ensuring the stability of the process. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the unique spectra associated with ZnO NPs at a wavenumber of 455.20 cm−1. The nanoparticles were observed to have a nanoflake structure by analysis with the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The average size of the crystallites was determined to be 37 nm using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectra of ZnO NPs confirmed the nanoparticles production with very few impurities. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized NPs was assessed by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) against E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Vibrio sp., and Bacillus sp. The presence of phytochemicals and the activity against microorganisms evidenced the importance of NPs to prevent infection, promote wound healing and to treat diseases. This study determines that ZnO NPs possess substantial antibacterial properties against diverse aquatic pathogens, presenting them as a viable substitute for conventional antibiotics.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829525000798NanoparticlesZnOGreen synthesisAntibacterial activity
spellingShingle Surya Sivakumar
Boobal Rangaswamy
Lathika Shanmugam
Kamalesh Marudhachalam
Phytochemical mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles from Euphorbia antiquorum: Synthesis, characterization & antibacterial activity
Next Nanotechnology
Nanoparticles
ZnO
Green synthesis
Antibacterial activity
title Phytochemical mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles from Euphorbia antiquorum: Synthesis, characterization & antibacterial activity
title_full Phytochemical mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles from Euphorbia antiquorum: Synthesis, characterization & antibacterial activity
title_fullStr Phytochemical mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles from Euphorbia antiquorum: Synthesis, characterization & antibacterial activity
title_full_unstemmed Phytochemical mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles from Euphorbia antiquorum: Synthesis, characterization & antibacterial activity
title_short Phytochemical mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles from Euphorbia antiquorum: Synthesis, characterization & antibacterial activity
title_sort phytochemical mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles from euphorbia antiquorum synthesis characterization amp antibacterial activity
topic Nanoparticles
ZnO
Green synthesis
Antibacterial activity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949829525000798
work_keys_str_mv AT suryasivakumar phytochemicalmediatedzincoxidenanoparticlesfromeuphorbiaantiquorumsynthesischaracterizationampantibacterialactivity
AT boobalrangaswamy phytochemicalmediatedzincoxidenanoparticlesfromeuphorbiaantiquorumsynthesischaracterizationampantibacterialactivity
AT lathikashanmugam phytochemicalmediatedzincoxidenanoparticlesfromeuphorbiaantiquorumsynthesischaracterizationampantibacterialactivity
AT kamaleshmarudhachalam phytochemicalmediatedzincoxidenanoparticlesfromeuphorbiaantiquorumsynthesischaracterizationampantibacterialactivity