Machine Learning Modeling for Building Energy Performance Prediction Based on Simulation Data: A Systematic Review of the Processes, Performances, and Correlation of Process-Related Variables

Machine learning models have become a potential alternative for building energy performance studies since they provide fast and reliable prediction results. However, decisions in the modeling process are sometimes made without knowing their possible impact on the results, which may lead to unstable...

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Main Authors: Damla Kömürcü, Ecem Edis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/8/1301
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author Damla Kömürcü
Ecem Edis
author_facet Damla Kömürcü
Ecem Edis
author_sort Damla Kömürcü
collection DOAJ
description Machine learning models have become a potential alternative for building energy performance studies since they provide fast and reliable prediction results. However, decisions in the modeling process are sometimes made without knowing their possible impact on the results, which may lead to unstable process management. Therefore, this study aims to obtain a machine learning modeling process framework focusing on critical-decision subjects through a systematic review of the recent literature. Preferences of the current supervised modeling practices on process-related variables to have prediction models with high accuracy were analyzed in the studies using simulation data. In this paper, a general framework of the processes is presented through their steps and decision subjects. Regarding these steps, the frequency of the methods used, strategies followed against the limitations, common sources of concerns, and intertwined workflows are analyzed with their effects on prediction performance in terms of accuracy. In addition, correlations between process-related variables, i.e., decision subjects and model performance, are investigated to quantify the impacts. As a result, the most effective decision subjects on accuracy were observed as the machine learning algorithm to be used, input variables to be included, and the range of the sample size, respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-a51537b5eb474bccad94f61648b0f8d12025-08-20T02:17:19ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-04-01158130110.3390/buildings15081301Machine Learning Modeling for Building Energy Performance Prediction Based on Simulation Data: A Systematic Review of the Processes, Performances, and Correlation of Process-Related VariablesDamla Kömürcü0Ecem Edis1Construction Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, 34367 Istanbul, TürkiyeMachine learning models have become a potential alternative for building energy performance studies since they provide fast and reliable prediction results. However, decisions in the modeling process are sometimes made without knowing their possible impact on the results, which may lead to unstable process management. Therefore, this study aims to obtain a machine learning modeling process framework focusing on critical-decision subjects through a systematic review of the recent literature. Preferences of the current supervised modeling practices on process-related variables to have prediction models with high accuracy were analyzed in the studies using simulation data. In this paper, a general framework of the processes is presented through their steps and decision subjects. Regarding these steps, the frequency of the methods used, strategies followed against the limitations, common sources of concerns, and intertwined workflows are analyzed with their effects on prediction performance in terms of accuracy. In addition, correlations between process-related variables, i.e., decision subjects and model performance, are investigated to quantify the impacts. As a result, the most effective decision subjects on accuracy were observed as the machine learning algorithm to be used, input variables to be included, and the range of the sample size, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/8/1301supervised machine learningbuilding energy performanceearly design stageenergy prediction modeling processinput–output relations
spellingShingle Damla Kömürcü
Ecem Edis
Machine Learning Modeling for Building Energy Performance Prediction Based on Simulation Data: A Systematic Review of the Processes, Performances, and Correlation of Process-Related Variables
Buildings
supervised machine learning
building energy performance
early design stage
energy prediction modeling process
input–output relations
title Machine Learning Modeling for Building Energy Performance Prediction Based on Simulation Data: A Systematic Review of the Processes, Performances, and Correlation of Process-Related Variables
title_full Machine Learning Modeling for Building Energy Performance Prediction Based on Simulation Data: A Systematic Review of the Processes, Performances, and Correlation of Process-Related Variables
title_fullStr Machine Learning Modeling for Building Energy Performance Prediction Based on Simulation Data: A Systematic Review of the Processes, Performances, and Correlation of Process-Related Variables
title_full_unstemmed Machine Learning Modeling for Building Energy Performance Prediction Based on Simulation Data: A Systematic Review of the Processes, Performances, and Correlation of Process-Related Variables
title_short Machine Learning Modeling for Building Energy Performance Prediction Based on Simulation Data: A Systematic Review of the Processes, Performances, and Correlation of Process-Related Variables
title_sort machine learning modeling for building energy performance prediction based on simulation data a systematic review of the processes performances and correlation of process related variables
topic supervised machine learning
building energy performance
early design stage
energy prediction modeling process
input–output relations
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/8/1301
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