Diffusion bonding of TA2 titanium and 20# steel with vanadium/chromium bimetal interlayers: Microstructure, unexpected carbides, and mechanical properties

V and Cr bimetals are utilized as interlayers in the vacuum diffusion bonding of TA2 Ti and 20# steel to prevent the formation of Ti–Fe intermetallic compounds and improve the interface compatibility. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the diffusion-bonded joints are investigated using...

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Main Authors: Sheng Zeng, Guoqiang You, Xiao Ling, Jinyu Feng, Cheng Gu, Bin Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424021860
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author Sheng Zeng
Guoqiang You
Xiao Ling
Jinyu Feng
Cheng Gu
Bin Jiang
author_facet Sheng Zeng
Guoqiang You
Xiao Ling
Jinyu Feng
Cheng Gu
Bin Jiang
author_sort Sheng Zeng
collection DOAJ
description V and Cr bimetals are utilized as interlayers in the vacuum diffusion bonding of TA2 Ti and 20# steel to prevent the formation of Ti–Fe intermetallic compounds and improve the interface compatibility. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the diffusion-bonded joints are investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, and tensile testing. The results indicate that the V/Cr bimetallic interlayer effectively inhibits the formation of Ti–Fe intermetallic compounds, with solid solutions without these compounds present at the Ti/V and steel/Cr interfaces. However, a 1–3-μm-thick continuous, hard, brittle vanadium carbide layer with hardness and elastic modulus value of 6.66 GPa and 201.55 GPa is unexpectedly discovered at the interface between V and Cr. The fracture morphology analysis reveals that the continuous carbide layer at the V/Cr interface is the primary cause of joint failure. The tensile strength of the joint remains relatively stable with an increase in the bonding temperature, whereas the elongation gradually decreases. A maximum tensile strength of 252 MPa is achieved with an elongation of 4.3%.
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publishDate 2024-11-01
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spelling doaj-art-a51401b5839e47729d663308c273cec82025-08-20T02:39:09ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-01332430244110.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.182Diffusion bonding of TA2 titanium and 20# steel with vanadium/chromium bimetal interlayers: Microstructure, unexpected carbides, and mechanical propertiesSheng Zeng0Guoqiang You1Xiao Ling2Jinyu Feng3Cheng Gu4Bin Jiang5College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; National Key Laboratory of High-end Equipment Casting Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Corresponding author. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; National Key Laboratory of High-end Equipment Casting Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, ChinaV and Cr bimetals are utilized as interlayers in the vacuum diffusion bonding of TA2 Ti and 20# steel to prevent the formation of Ti–Fe intermetallic compounds and improve the interface compatibility. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the diffusion-bonded joints are investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, and tensile testing. The results indicate that the V/Cr bimetallic interlayer effectively inhibits the formation of Ti–Fe intermetallic compounds, with solid solutions without these compounds present at the Ti/V and steel/Cr interfaces. However, a 1–3-μm-thick continuous, hard, brittle vanadium carbide layer with hardness and elastic modulus value of 6.66 GPa and 201.55 GPa is unexpectedly discovered at the interface between V and Cr. The fracture morphology analysis reveals that the continuous carbide layer at the V/Cr interface is the primary cause of joint failure. The tensile strength of the joint remains relatively stable with an increase in the bonding temperature, whereas the elongation gradually decreases. A maximum tensile strength of 252 MPa is achieved with an elongation of 4.3%.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424021860Ti–steel diffusion bondingBimetallic interlayerMicrostructureCarbide
spellingShingle Sheng Zeng
Guoqiang You
Xiao Ling
Jinyu Feng
Cheng Gu
Bin Jiang
Diffusion bonding of TA2 titanium and 20# steel with vanadium/chromium bimetal interlayers: Microstructure, unexpected carbides, and mechanical properties
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Ti–steel diffusion bonding
Bimetallic interlayer
Microstructure
Carbide
title Diffusion bonding of TA2 titanium and 20# steel with vanadium/chromium bimetal interlayers: Microstructure, unexpected carbides, and mechanical properties
title_full Diffusion bonding of TA2 titanium and 20# steel with vanadium/chromium bimetal interlayers: Microstructure, unexpected carbides, and mechanical properties
title_fullStr Diffusion bonding of TA2 titanium and 20# steel with vanadium/chromium bimetal interlayers: Microstructure, unexpected carbides, and mechanical properties
title_full_unstemmed Diffusion bonding of TA2 titanium and 20# steel with vanadium/chromium bimetal interlayers: Microstructure, unexpected carbides, and mechanical properties
title_short Diffusion bonding of TA2 titanium and 20# steel with vanadium/chromium bimetal interlayers: Microstructure, unexpected carbides, and mechanical properties
title_sort diffusion bonding of ta2 titanium and 20 steel with vanadium chromium bimetal interlayers microstructure unexpected carbides and mechanical properties
topic Ti–steel diffusion bonding
Bimetallic interlayer
Microstructure
Carbide
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424021860
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