Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PACT-MEA study and call for action
Objectives To estimate the prevalence of established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (eASCVD) and the prevalence of ASCVD high-risk patients as defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) among the Egyptian population of the Prevalence and Clinical Management of Atherosclerotic Cardio...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-08-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/8/e092861.full |
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| author | Samir H Assaad-Khalil Atef Bassyouni Dalia Toaima Hanan Sotouhy Gawish Hesham El Hefnawy Magdy Megallaa Manal Abushady Nabil ElKafrawy Salwa Seddik Hosny Tarek Mohamed Massoud |
| author_facet | Samir H Assaad-Khalil Atef Bassyouni Dalia Toaima Hanan Sotouhy Gawish Hesham El Hefnawy Magdy Megallaa Manal Abushady Nabil ElKafrawy Salwa Seddik Hosny Tarek Mohamed Massoud |
| author_sort | Samir H Assaad-Khalil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives To estimate the prevalence of established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (eASCVD) and the prevalence of ASCVD high-risk patients as defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) among the Egyptian population of the Prevalence and Clinical Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (PACT)-Middle East and Africa study.Design An observational, multicentre, cross-sectional study.Setting Eight secondary care centres in Egypt.Participants 550 adult males and females who provided informed consent and had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for at least 180 days. Participants were excluded if they had participated previously in the study, had been diagnosed with T1DM, experienced mental incapacity, were unwilling to participate, had a known language barrier precluding adequate understanding or cooperation or had a known congenital heart disease or malformation.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with eASCVD, while the secondary outcome was the proportion of patients with T2D with high risk of ASCVD and without eASCVD.Results Prevalence of eASCVD was 108/550 (19.6%, 95% CI 16.5% to 23.2%), and the prevalence of high risk for ASCVD in the population without eASCVD was 378/442 (85.5%, 95% CI 81.9% to 88.5%). Approximately 99% of the study population was categorised as ESC very high risk or high risk for CVD. On assessing utilisation of antidiabetic medications with cardiovascular benefit, only 20% were receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and 3% were receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues.Conclusions The prevalence of eASCVD and high risk for ASCVD in Egypt is alarming, and the inadequate pharmacological control increases the ASCVD burden in the T2DM population. This calls for immediate, comprehensive action to reassess T2DM care.Trial registration number NCT05317845. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a512d01ef64b460e9e6351ff1985f445 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-a512d01ef64b460e9e6351ff1985f4452025-08-20T03:40:44ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-08-0115810.1136/bmjopen-2024-092861Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PACT-MEA study and call for actionSamir H Assaad-Khalil0Atef Bassyouni1Dalia Toaima2Hanan Sotouhy Gawish3Hesham El Hefnawy4Magdy Megallaa5Manal Abushady6Nabil ElKafrawy7Salwa Seddik Hosny8Tarek Mohamed Massoud9Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Diabetes, Lipidology & Metabolism, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, EgyptNovo Nordisk Egypt LLC, New Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Endocrinology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptDepartment of Endocrinology, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine, Unit of Diabetes, Lipidology & Metabolism, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Menoufia University, Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia, EgyptEndocrinology Unit, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptNovo Nordisk Egypt LLC, New Cairo, EgyptObjectives To estimate the prevalence of established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (eASCVD) and the prevalence of ASCVD high-risk patients as defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) among the Egyptian population of the Prevalence and Clinical Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (PACT)-Middle East and Africa study.Design An observational, multicentre, cross-sectional study.Setting Eight secondary care centres in Egypt.Participants 550 adult males and females who provided informed consent and had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for at least 180 days. Participants were excluded if they had participated previously in the study, had been diagnosed with T1DM, experienced mental incapacity, were unwilling to participate, had a known language barrier precluding adequate understanding or cooperation or had a known congenital heart disease or malformation.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with eASCVD, while the secondary outcome was the proportion of patients with T2D with high risk of ASCVD and without eASCVD.Results Prevalence of eASCVD was 108/550 (19.6%, 95% CI 16.5% to 23.2%), and the prevalence of high risk for ASCVD in the population without eASCVD was 378/442 (85.5%, 95% CI 81.9% to 88.5%). Approximately 99% of the study population was categorised as ESC very high risk or high risk for CVD. On assessing utilisation of antidiabetic medications with cardiovascular benefit, only 20% were receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and 3% were receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues.Conclusions The prevalence of eASCVD and high risk for ASCVD in Egypt is alarming, and the inadequate pharmacological control increases the ASCVD burden in the T2DM population. This calls for immediate, comprehensive action to reassess T2DM care.Trial registration number NCT05317845.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/8/e092861.full |
| spellingShingle | Samir H Assaad-Khalil Atef Bassyouni Dalia Toaima Hanan Sotouhy Gawish Hesham El Hefnawy Magdy Megallaa Manal Abushady Nabil ElKafrawy Salwa Seddik Hosny Tarek Mohamed Massoud Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PACT-MEA study and call for action BMJ Open |
| title | Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PACT-MEA study and call for action |
| title_full | Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PACT-MEA study and call for action |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PACT-MEA study and call for action |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PACT-MEA study and call for action |
| title_short | Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PACT-MEA study and call for action |
| title_sort | prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in egyptians with type 2 diabetes findings from the pact mea study and call for action |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/8/e092861.full |
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