Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional Bioprinting

Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio among all 3D-printing technologies, rendering it a highly promising technique in...

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Main Authors: Chao-fan He, Tian-hong Qiao, Xu-chao Ren, Mingjun Xie, Qing Gao, Chao-qi Xie, Peng Wang, Yuan Sun, Huayong Yang, Yong He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2025-01-01
Series:Research
Online Access:https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/research.0613
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author Chao-fan He
Tian-hong Qiao
Xu-chao Ren
Mingjun Xie
Qing Gao
Chao-qi Xie
Peng Wang
Yuan Sun
Huayong Yang
Yong He
author_facet Chao-fan He
Tian-hong Qiao
Xu-chao Ren
Mingjun Xie
Qing Gao
Chao-qi Xie
Peng Wang
Yuan Sun
Huayong Yang
Yong He
author_sort Chao-fan He
collection DOAJ
description Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio among all 3D-printing technologies, rendering it a highly promising technique in this field. However, achieving standardized, high-fidelity, and high-resolution printing of composite structures using bioinks with diverse mechanical properties remains a marked challenge. The root of this challenge lies in the long-standing neglect of multi-material printability research. Multi-material printing is far from a simple physical assembly of different materials; rather, effective control of material interfaces is a crucial factor that governs print quality. The current research gap in this area substantively hinders the widespread application and rapid development of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting. To bridge this critical gap, we developed a multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinter capable of simultaneous printing with 6 materials. Building upon this, we established a fundamental framework for multi-material printability research, encompassing its core logic and essential process specifications. Furthermore, we clarified several critical issues, including the cross-linking behavior of multicomponent bioinks, mechanical mismatch and interface strength in soft–hard composite structures, the penetration behavior of viscous bioinks within hydrogel polymer networks, liquid entrapment and adsorption phenomena in porous heterogeneous structures, and error source analysis along with resolution evaluation in multi-material printing. This study offers a solid theoretical foundation and guidance for the quantitative assessment of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting, holding promise to advance the field toward higher precision and the reconstruction of more intricate biological structures.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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spelling doaj-art-a50c1d43b3bf4f509450d74ab32dfc222025-08-20T02:29:30ZengAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Research2639-52742025-01-01810.34133/research.0613Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional BioprintingChao-fan He0Tian-hong Qiao1Xu-chao Ren2Mingjun Xie3Qing Gao4Chao-qi Xie5Peng Wang6Yuan Sun7Huayong Yang8Yong He9State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems & Liangzhu Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems & Liangzhu Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.School of Computer Science, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China.State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems & Liangzhu Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.EFL-Tech, Suzhou Yongqinquan Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215101, China.EFL-Tech, Suzhou Yongqinquan Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215101, China.EFL-Tech, Suzhou Yongqinquan Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215101, China.State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems & Liangzhu Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems & Liangzhu Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio among all 3D-printing technologies, rendering it a highly promising technique in this field. However, achieving standardized, high-fidelity, and high-resolution printing of composite structures using bioinks with diverse mechanical properties remains a marked challenge. The root of this challenge lies in the long-standing neglect of multi-material printability research. Multi-material printing is far from a simple physical assembly of different materials; rather, effective control of material interfaces is a crucial factor that governs print quality. The current research gap in this area substantively hinders the widespread application and rapid development of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting. To bridge this critical gap, we developed a multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinter capable of simultaneous printing with 6 materials. Building upon this, we established a fundamental framework for multi-material printability research, encompassing its core logic and essential process specifications. Furthermore, we clarified several critical issues, including the cross-linking behavior of multicomponent bioinks, mechanical mismatch and interface strength in soft–hard composite structures, the penetration behavior of viscous bioinks within hydrogel polymer networks, liquid entrapment and adsorption phenomena in porous heterogeneous structures, and error source analysis along with resolution evaluation in multi-material printing. This study offers a solid theoretical foundation and guidance for the quantitative assessment of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting, holding promise to advance the field toward higher precision and the reconstruction of more intricate biological structures.https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/research.0613
spellingShingle Chao-fan He
Tian-hong Qiao
Xu-chao Ren
Mingjun Xie
Qing Gao
Chao-qi Xie
Peng Wang
Yuan Sun
Huayong Yang
Yong He
Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional Bioprinting
Research
title Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional Bioprinting
title_full Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional Bioprinting
title_fullStr Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional Bioprinting
title_full_unstemmed Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional Bioprinting
title_short Printability in Multi-material Projection-Based 3-Dimensional Bioprinting
title_sort printability in multi material projection based 3 dimensional bioprinting
url https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/research.0613
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