A Phenomenological Fluid–Structure Interaction Study of Plaque Rupture in Stenosed Bifurcated Elastic Arteries
Atherosclerosis is an accumulation of plaque, which can result in changes in blood flow in the vicinity, leading to severe heart attack. This paper presents a phenomenological fluid–structure interaction study of plaque rupture in stenosed bifurcated elastic arteries. We use the coupled monolithic A...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Mudassar Razzaq Muhammad Adnan Anwar Kaleem Iqbal Izharul Haq Marcel Gurris |
| author_facet | Mudassar Razzaq Muhammad Adnan Anwar Kaleem Iqbal Izharul Haq Marcel Gurris |
| author_sort | Mudassar Razzaq |
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| description | Atherosclerosis is an accumulation of plaque, which can result in changes in blood flow in the vicinity, leading to severe heart attack. This paper presents a phenomenological fluid–structure interaction study of plaque rupture in stenosed bifurcated elastic arteries. We use the coupled monolithic Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) formulation for fluids and solids. We consider the Navier–Stokes equation to govern the non-Newton blood flow and linear elastic model for walls. We treat the interface as a continuum. We utilize the stable <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>P</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> finite element pair for velocity and pressure discretization in space. The nonlinear discretized algebraic system is tackled using the Newton method, with the Jacobian matrices approximated via a divided differences approach. The resulting linear systems are addressed using the direct solver MUltifrontal Massively Parallel Sparse direct Solver (MUMPS). We then determine the wall shear stress (WSS) for both minimum and maximum times, accounting for elastic walls. The study’s findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind plaque rupture and aid in developing better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a4ffbcc437904926840b75ab7089c4342025-08-20T02:03:31ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-02-0113462110.3390/math13040621A Phenomenological Fluid–Structure Interaction Study of Plaque Rupture in Stenosed Bifurcated Elastic ArteriesMudassar Razzaq0Muhammad Adnan Anwar1Kaleem Iqbal2Izharul Haq3Marcel Gurris4Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Am Hochschulcampus 1, 44801 Bochum, GermanyInstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, PortugalInstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, PortugalCollege of Sciences and Human Studies (CSHS), Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar 31952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Am Hochschulcampus 1, 44801 Bochum, GermanyAtherosclerosis is an accumulation of plaque, which can result in changes in blood flow in the vicinity, leading to severe heart attack. This paper presents a phenomenological fluid–structure interaction study of plaque rupture in stenosed bifurcated elastic arteries. We use the coupled monolithic Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) formulation for fluids and solids. We consider the Navier–Stokes equation to govern the non-Newton blood flow and linear elastic model for walls. We treat the interface as a continuum. We utilize the stable <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>P</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> finite element pair for velocity and pressure discretization in space. The nonlinear discretized algebraic system is tackled using the Newton method, with the Jacobian matrices approximated via a divided differences approach. The resulting linear systems are addressed using the direct solver MUltifrontal Massively Parallel Sparse direct Solver (MUMPS). We then determine the wall shear stress (WSS) for both minimum and maximum times, accounting for elastic walls. The study’s findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind plaque rupture and aid in developing better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/4/621bifurcationelastic wallfinite element method (FEM)fluid–structure interaction (FSI)stenosiswall shear stress (WSS) |
| spellingShingle | Mudassar Razzaq Muhammad Adnan Anwar Kaleem Iqbal Izharul Haq Marcel Gurris A Phenomenological Fluid–Structure Interaction Study of Plaque Rupture in Stenosed Bifurcated Elastic Arteries Mathematics bifurcation elastic wall finite element method (FEM) fluid–structure interaction (FSI) stenosis wall shear stress (WSS) |
| title | A Phenomenological Fluid–Structure Interaction Study of Plaque Rupture in Stenosed Bifurcated Elastic Arteries |
| title_full | A Phenomenological Fluid–Structure Interaction Study of Plaque Rupture in Stenosed Bifurcated Elastic Arteries |
| title_fullStr | A Phenomenological Fluid–Structure Interaction Study of Plaque Rupture in Stenosed Bifurcated Elastic Arteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Phenomenological Fluid–Structure Interaction Study of Plaque Rupture in Stenosed Bifurcated Elastic Arteries |
| title_short | A Phenomenological Fluid–Structure Interaction Study of Plaque Rupture in Stenosed Bifurcated Elastic Arteries |
| title_sort | phenomenological fluid structure interaction study of plaque rupture in stenosed bifurcated elastic arteries |
| topic | bifurcation elastic wall finite element method (FEM) fluid–structure interaction (FSI) stenosis wall shear stress (WSS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/4/621 |
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