Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus
Abstract Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious threat to public health. Currently, there is no specific therapeutic agent available for JEV infection, primarily due to the complexity of its infection mechanism and pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicl...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Extracellular Vesicles |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70033 |
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| author | Junyao Xiong Ling'en Yang Xiaowei Nan Shuo Zhu Mengxue Yan Shengxian Xiang Luping Zhang Qi Li Chengjie Yang Xugang Wang Ning Wei Huanchun Chen Youhui Si Shengbo Cao Jing Ye |
| author_facet | Junyao Xiong Ling'en Yang Xiaowei Nan Shuo Zhu Mengxue Yan Shengxian Xiang Luping Zhang Qi Li Chengjie Yang Xugang Wang Ning Wei Huanchun Chen Youhui Si Shengbo Cao Jing Ye |
| author_sort | Junyao Xiong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious threat to public health. Currently, there is no specific therapeutic agent available for JEV infection, primarily due to the complexity of its infection mechanism and pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been known to play an important role in viral infection, but their specific functions in JEV infection remain unknown. Here, ultracentrifugation in combination with density gradient centrifugation was conducted to purify EVs from JEV‐infected cells. The purified EVs were found to be infectious, with virions observed inside the EVs. Furthermore, our study showed the formation process of virion‐containing EVs both in vitro and in vivo, which involved the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell membrane, leading to the release of virion‐containing intraluminal vesicles into the extracellular space. Further studies revealed that EVs played a crucial role in JEV propagation by facilitating viral entry and assembly‐release. Furthermore, EVs assisted JEV in evading the neutralizing antibodies and promoted viral capability to cross the blood‐brain and placental barriers. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrated that EVs were beneficial for JEV infection and pathogenicity. Taken together, our findings highlight the significant contribution of EVs in JEV infection and provide valuable insights into JEV pathogenesis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a4fbdd1618074a519f8302452be9caa5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2001-3078 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Extracellular Vesicles |
| spelling | doaj-art-a4fbdd1618074a519f8302452be9caa52025-08-20T02:41:52ZengWileyJournal of Extracellular Vesicles2001-30782025-01-01141n/an/a10.1002/jev2.70033Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virusJunyao Xiong0Ling'en Yang1Xiaowei Nan2Shuo Zhu3Mengxue Yan4Shengxian Xiang5Luping Zhang6Qi Li7Chengjie Yang8Xugang Wang9Ning Wei10Huanchun Chen11Youhui Si12Shengbo Cao13Jing Ye14National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei ChinaAbstract Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious threat to public health. Currently, there is no specific therapeutic agent available for JEV infection, primarily due to the complexity of its infection mechanism and pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been known to play an important role in viral infection, but their specific functions in JEV infection remain unknown. Here, ultracentrifugation in combination with density gradient centrifugation was conducted to purify EVs from JEV‐infected cells. The purified EVs were found to be infectious, with virions observed inside the EVs. Furthermore, our study showed the formation process of virion‐containing EVs both in vitro and in vivo, which involved the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell membrane, leading to the release of virion‐containing intraluminal vesicles into the extracellular space. Further studies revealed that EVs played a crucial role in JEV propagation by facilitating viral entry and assembly‐release. Furthermore, EVs assisted JEV in evading the neutralizing antibodies and promoted viral capability to cross the blood‐brain and placental barriers. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrated that EVs were beneficial for JEV infection and pathogenicity. Taken together, our findings highlight the significant contribution of EVs in JEV infection and provide valuable insights into JEV pathogenesis.https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70033EVsJEVneutralizing antibodiespathogenicitytissue barrier |
| spellingShingle | Junyao Xiong Ling'en Yang Xiaowei Nan Shuo Zhu Mengxue Yan Shengxian Xiang Luping Zhang Qi Li Chengjie Yang Xugang Wang Ning Wei Huanchun Chen Youhui Si Shengbo Cao Jing Ye Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus Journal of Extracellular Vesicles EVs JEV neutralizing antibodies pathogenicity tissue barrier |
| title | Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus |
| title_full | Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus |
| title_short | Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus |
| title_sort | extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of japanese encephalitis virus |
| topic | EVs JEV neutralizing antibodies pathogenicity tissue barrier |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70033 |
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