Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current Sources

Vacuum arc thrusters (VATs) have recently gained significant interest as a micro-propulsion system due to their scalability, low cost, storability, and small form factor. While VATs offer an attractive propulsion solution for CubeSats, conventional propellant feed systems used in VATs require intric...

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Main Authors: Benjamin Kanda, Minkwan Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Aerospace
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/6/549
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author Benjamin Kanda
Minkwan Kim
author_facet Benjamin Kanda
Minkwan Kim
author_sort Benjamin Kanda
collection DOAJ
description Vacuum arc thrusters (VATs) have recently gained significant interest as a micro-propulsion system due to their scalability, low cost, storability, and small form factor. While VATs offer an attractive propulsion solution for CubeSats, conventional propellant feed systems used in VATs require intricate mechanical moving parts, increasing overall system complexity and mission risk. A promising alternative is the use of VAT arrays, where multiple thin-layer VATs are arranged in a regularly spaced grid, thus enhancing reliability, increasing total impulse without a mechanical propellant feed system, and enabling integrated attitude control via off-axis thruster placement. However, VAT arrays require a larger power processing unit (PPU) and additional control system, posing challenges within CubeSat volume constraints. To address this, this study proposes a novel PPU design that enables the simultaneous operation of multiple VATs while minimising system mass and volume. Experimental results demonstrate the successful operation of VAT pairs using the proposed PPU concept, validating its feasibility as an efficient propulsion solution for CubeSats.
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series Aerospace
spelling doaj-art-a4eeebeb912043a0a0fd2304fd4e152e2025-08-20T03:30:24ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-06-0112654910.3390/aerospace12060549Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current SourcesBenjamin Kanda0Minkwan Kim1Department of Astronautics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKDepartment of Astronautics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKVacuum arc thrusters (VATs) have recently gained significant interest as a micro-propulsion system due to their scalability, low cost, storability, and small form factor. While VATs offer an attractive propulsion solution for CubeSats, conventional propellant feed systems used in VATs require intricate mechanical moving parts, increasing overall system complexity and mission risk. A promising alternative is the use of VAT arrays, where multiple thin-layer VATs are arranged in a regularly spaced grid, thus enhancing reliability, increasing total impulse without a mechanical propellant feed system, and enabling integrated attitude control via off-axis thruster placement. However, VAT arrays require a larger power processing unit (PPU) and additional control system, posing challenges within CubeSat volume constraints. To address this, this study proposes a novel PPU design that enables the simultaneous operation of multiple VATs while minimising system mass and volume. Experimental results demonstrate the successful operation of VAT pairs using the proposed PPU concept, validating its feasibility as an efficient propulsion solution for CubeSats.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/6/549vacuum arc thrusterCubeSatnanosatellitemicro-propulsion systempower processing unit
spellingShingle Benjamin Kanda
Minkwan Kim
Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current Sources
Aerospace
vacuum arc thruster
CubeSat
nanosatellite
micro-propulsion system
power processing unit
title Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current Sources
title_full Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current Sources
title_fullStr Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current Sources
title_full_unstemmed Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current Sources
title_short Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current Sources
title_sort operation of vacuum arc thruster arrays with multiple isolated current sources
topic vacuum arc thruster
CubeSat
nanosatellite
micro-propulsion system
power processing unit
url https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/6/549
work_keys_str_mv AT benjaminkanda operationofvacuumarcthrusterarrayswithmultipleisolatedcurrentsources
AT minkwankim operationofvacuumarcthrusterarrayswithmultipleisolatedcurrentsources