An 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Field Affects Hormone Levels, Sperm Quality, and Behavior in Laboratory Rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>)

An 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Field Affects Hormone Levels, Sperm Quality, and Behavior in Laboratory Rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>)

In addition to natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs), so-called artificial electromagnetic fields exist in the biosphere, with mobile communications being one of their main sources. This study aimed to determine the impact of EMF at a frequency of 1800 MHz on the concentrations of selected hormones,...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Krzysztof Pawlak, Bartosz Bojarski, Wojciech Jagusiak, Tomasz Wojnar, Zenon Nieckarz, Zbigniew Arent, Magdalena Ludwiczak, Malwina Lasko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
electromagnetic fields
hormones
behavior
sperm
rats
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5160
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