The Influence of Executive Functioning on Facial and Subjective Pain Responses in Older Adults

Cognitive decline is known to reduce reliability of subjective pain reports. Although facial expressions of pain are generally considered to be less affected by this decline, empirical support for this assumption is sparse. The present study therefore examined how cognitive functioning relates to fa...

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Main Authors: Joukje M. Oosterman, Juliane Traxler, Miriam Kunz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2016-01-01
Series:Behavioural Neurology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1984827
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author Joukje M. Oosterman
Juliane Traxler
Miriam Kunz
author_facet Joukje M. Oosterman
Juliane Traxler
Miriam Kunz
author_sort Joukje M. Oosterman
collection DOAJ
description Cognitive decline is known to reduce reliability of subjective pain reports. Although facial expressions of pain are generally considered to be less affected by this decline, empirical support for this assumption is sparse. The present study therefore examined how cognitive functioning relates to facial expressions of pain and whether cognition acts as a moderator between nociceptive intensity and facial reactivity. Facial and subjective responses of 51 elderly participants to mechanical stimulation at three intensities levels (50 kPa, 200 kPa, and 400 kPa) were assessed. Moreover, participants completed a neuropsychological examination of executive functioning (planning, cognitive inhibition, and working memory), episodic memory, and psychomotor speed. The results showed that executive functioning has a unique relationship with facial reactivity at low pain intensity levels (200 kPa). Moreover, cognitive inhibition (but not other executive functions) moderated the effect of pressure intensity on facial pain expressions, suggesting that the relationship between pressure intensity and facial reactivity was less pronounced in participants with high levels of cognitive inhibition. A similar interaction effect was found for cognitive inhibition and subjective pain report. Consequently, caution is needed when interpreting facial (as well as subjective) pain responses in individuals with a high level of cognitive inhibition.
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spelling doaj-art-a4e07ba5c64d48a1a9aa7d99544fbe942025-08-20T03:38:13ZengWileyBehavioural Neurology0953-41801875-85842016-01-01201610.1155/2016/19848271984827The Influence of Executive Functioning on Facial and Subjective Pain Responses in Older AdultsJoukje M. Oosterman0Juliane Traxler1Miriam Kunz2Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 HE Nijmegen, NetherlandsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 HE Nijmegen, NetherlandsSection of Gerontology, Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, NetherlandsCognitive decline is known to reduce reliability of subjective pain reports. Although facial expressions of pain are generally considered to be less affected by this decline, empirical support for this assumption is sparse. The present study therefore examined how cognitive functioning relates to facial expressions of pain and whether cognition acts as a moderator between nociceptive intensity and facial reactivity. Facial and subjective responses of 51 elderly participants to mechanical stimulation at three intensities levels (50 kPa, 200 kPa, and 400 kPa) were assessed. Moreover, participants completed a neuropsychological examination of executive functioning (planning, cognitive inhibition, and working memory), episodic memory, and psychomotor speed. The results showed that executive functioning has a unique relationship with facial reactivity at low pain intensity levels (200 kPa). Moreover, cognitive inhibition (but not other executive functions) moderated the effect of pressure intensity on facial pain expressions, suggesting that the relationship between pressure intensity and facial reactivity was less pronounced in participants with high levels of cognitive inhibition. A similar interaction effect was found for cognitive inhibition and subjective pain report. Consequently, caution is needed when interpreting facial (as well as subjective) pain responses in individuals with a high level of cognitive inhibition.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1984827
spellingShingle Joukje M. Oosterman
Juliane Traxler
Miriam Kunz
The Influence of Executive Functioning on Facial and Subjective Pain Responses in Older Adults
Behavioural Neurology
title The Influence of Executive Functioning on Facial and Subjective Pain Responses in Older Adults
title_full The Influence of Executive Functioning on Facial and Subjective Pain Responses in Older Adults
title_fullStr The Influence of Executive Functioning on Facial and Subjective Pain Responses in Older Adults
title_full_unstemmed The Influence of Executive Functioning on Facial and Subjective Pain Responses in Older Adults
title_short The Influence of Executive Functioning on Facial and Subjective Pain Responses in Older Adults
title_sort influence of executive functioning on facial and subjective pain responses in older adults
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1984827
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