Searching for genes determining the APR phenotype in rye

Abstract Background Adult-plant resistance (APR) is a type of genetic resistance of cereals against a range of disease-causing pathogens including leaf rust (LR). In rye, APR to LR although known, is poorly understood, especially at the molecular level. Recently, numerous variants of genes encoding...

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Main Authors: Joanna Szewińska, Mateusz Matuszkiewicz, Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska, Magdalena Święcicka, Marianna Krysińska, Wojciech Wakuliński
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06920-0
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author Joanna Szewińska
Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska
Magdalena Święcicka
Marianna Krysińska
Wojciech Wakuliński
author_facet Joanna Szewińska
Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska
Magdalena Święcicka
Marianna Krysińska
Wojciech Wakuliński
author_sort Joanna Szewińska
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Adult-plant resistance (APR) is a type of genetic resistance of cereals against a range of disease-causing pathogens including leaf rust (LR). In rye, APR to LR although known, is poorly understood, especially at the molecular level. Recently, numerous variants of genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and sugar transporters, have been identified in the rye transcriptome. In these two pools of genes, we decided to find genes determining APR using both nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity to the Lr34 and Lr67 genes carrying the APR to LR in wheat as the main selection criterion and as an additional criterion - expression profiles of chosen variants in seedlings infected with LR. Results The phylogenetic analysis of chosen genes ScLr_ABC and ScLr_SUG encoding, respectively, ABC and sugar transporters revealed that a lack of polymorphisms responsible for APR in wheat. However, ScLr_SUG1, a putative ortholog of Lr67, and ScLr_ABC25, which shows high 3D structural similarity to Lr34, could potentially be involved in APR of rye. The analysis of the expression of selected ScLr_ABC and ScLr_SUG genes carried out on plants infected with fungal spores collected from locations where phenotypic assessments were performed. Most of the analyzed genes did not show any clear association between APR to LR. Only ScLr_ABC25 gene seems to determine APR-type immunity against LR. Conclusions This work is the first attempt to find genetic determinants of APR resistance to LR in common rye. Our studies show that the mechanism of this type of resistance is different in rye than in other cereals studied in this respect (mainly wheat and barley). However, our findings are a good starting point for further research, and, as in the case of the ScLr_ABC25 gene - they can be the basis for creating a molecular resistance breeding program focused on selecting forms characterized by APR to LR.
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issn 1471-2229
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series BMC Plant Biology
spelling doaj-art-a4d908b1a936451f9f8896406b66ae212025-08-20T04:01:56ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-07-0125112110.1186/s12870-025-06920-0Searching for genes determining the APR phenotype in ryeJoanna Szewińska0Mateusz Matuszkiewicz1Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska2Magdalena Święcicka3Marianna Krysińska4Wojciech Wakuliński5Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesInstitute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesInstitute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesInstitute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesInstitute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesInstitute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life SciencesAbstract Background Adult-plant resistance (APR) is a type of genetic resistance of cereals against a range of disease-causing pathogens including leaf rust (LR). In rye, APR to LR although known, is poorly understood, especially at the molecular level. Recently, numerous variants of genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and sugar transporters, have been identified in the rye transcriptome. In these two pools of genes, we decided to find genes determining APR using both nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity to the Lr34 and Lr67 genes carrying the APR to LR in wheat as the main selection criterion and as an additional criterion - expression profiles of chosen variants in seedlings infected with LR. Results The phylogenetic analysis of chosen genes ScLr_ABC and ScLr_SUG encoding, respectively, ABC and sugar transporters revealed that a lack of polymorphisms responsible for APR in wheat. However, ScLr_SUG1, a putative ortholog of Lr67, and ScLr_ABC25, which shows high 3D structural similarity to Lr34, could potentially be involved in APR of rye. The analysis of the expression of selected ScLr_ABC and ScLr_SUG genes carried out on plants infected with fungal spores collected from locations where phenotypic assessments were performed. Most of the analyzed genes did not show any clear association between APR to LR. Only ScLr_ABC25 gene seems to determine APR-type immunity against LR. Conclusions This work is the first attempt to find genetic determinants of APR resistance to LR in common rye. Our studies show that the mechanism of this type of resistance is different in rye than in other cereals studied in this respect (mainly wheat and barley). However, our findings are a good starting point for further research, and, as in the case of the ScLr_ABC25 gene - they can be the basis for creating a molecular resistance breeding program focused on selecting forms characterized by APR to LR.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06920-0Secale cerealeLeaf rustAdult plant resistancePhylogenetic analysisPuccinia recondita f. sp. secalisABC transporters
spellingShingle Joanna Szewińska
Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska
Magdalena Święcicka
Marianna Krysińska
Wojciech Wakuliński
Searching for genes determining the APR phenotype in rye
BMC Plant Biology
Secale cereale
Leaf rust
Adult plant resistance
Phylogenetic analysis
Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis
ABC transporters
title Searching for genes determining the APR phenotype in rye
title_full Searching for genes determining the APR phenotype in rye
title_fullStr Searching for genes determining the APR phenotype in rye
title_full_unstemmed Searching for genes determining the APR phenotype in rye
title_short Searching for genes determining the APR phenotype in rye
title_sort searching for genes determining the apr phenotype in rye
topic Secale cereale
Leaf rust
Adult plant resistance
Phylogenetic analysis
Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis
ABC transporters
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06920-0
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AT magdalenaswiecicka searchingforgenesdeterminingtheaprphenotypeinrye
AT mariannakrysinska searchingforgenesdeterminingtheaprphenotypeinrye
AT wojciechwakulinski searchingforgenesdeterminingtheaprphenotypeinrye