Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations

Periodontal disease, characterized by bacterial plaque accumulation and subsequent immune response, can lead to gingivitis and periodontitis if untreated. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a potential biomarker with implications in periodontal disease progression. Objectives: This study ai...

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Main Authors: Nada Tawfig Hashim, Sadiah Fathima, Nurain Mohammad Hisham, Pooja Shivappa, Michael V. Magaogao, Md Sofiqul Islam, Sara Faisal Ahmed, Rasha Babiker, Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Current Issues in Molecular Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/726
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author Nada Tawfig Hashim
Sadiah Fathima
Nurain Mohammad Hisham
Pooja Shivappa
Michael V. Magaogao
Md Sofiqul Islam
Sara Faisal Ahmed
Rasha Babiker
Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman
author_facet Nada Tawfig Hashim
Sadiah Fathima
Nurain Mohammad Hisham
Pooja Shivappa
Michael V. Magaogao
Md Sofiqul Islam
Sara Faisal Ahmed
Rasha Babiker
Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman
author_sort Nada Tawfig Hashim
collection DOAJ
description Periodontal disease, characterized by bacterial plaque accumulation and subsequent immune response, can lead to gingivitis and periodontitis if untreated. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a potential biomarker with implications in periodontal disease progression. Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare salivary alpha-amylase levels in individuals with periodontitis and healthy controls and to investigate its relationship with clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Forty-five participants were categorized into periodontally healthy (n = 13), Stage I and II Periodontitis (n = 17), and Stage III and IV periodontitis (n = 15) groups. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA kits. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, group comparisons, post hoc analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences in salivary alpha-amylase levels were observed among severity groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with higher levels in periodontitis patients than healthy controls. Spearman correlation revealed moderate positive associations between alpha-amylase levels and probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Elevated salivary alpha-amylase levels were found to be associated with more severe periodontal disease, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for periodontitis severity. These findings support the utility of salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease diagnosis and monitoring, although further validation and standardization are warranted for clinical application.
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spelling doaj-art-a4d45c8e6cf74c60b52011d531014c312025-08-20T02:08:03ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452024-10-014611122301224310.3390/cimb46110726Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical CorrelationsNada Tawfig Hashim0Sadiah Fathima1Nurain Mohammad Hisham2Pooja Shivappa3Michael V. Magaogao4Md Sofiqul Islam5Sara Faisal Ahmed6Rasha Babiker7Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman8Periodontics Department, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab EmiratesPeriodontics Department, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab EmiratesPeriodontics Department, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab EmiratesTranslational Medical Research Centre, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah P.O. Box 11127, United Arab EmiratesTranslational Medical Research Centre, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah P.O. Box 11127, United Arab EmiratesOperative Department, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah P.O. Box 12937, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 13314, SudanPhysiology Department, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah P.O. Box 11127, United Arab EmiratesPeriodontics Department, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras-AlKhaimah P.O. Box 12973, United Arab EmiratesPeriodontal disease, characterized by bacterial plaque accumulation and subsequent immune response, can lead to gingivitis and periodontitis if untreated. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a potential biomarker with implications in periodontal disease progression. Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare salivary alpha-amylase levels in individuals with periodontitis and healthy controls and to investigate its relationship with clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Forty-five participants were categorized into periodontally healthy (n = 13), Stage I and II Periodontitis (n = 17), and Stage III and IV periodontitis (n = 15) groups. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA kits. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, group comparisons, post hoc analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences in salivary alpha-amylase levels were observed among severity groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with higher levels in periodontitis patients than healthy controls. Spearman correlation revealed moderate positive associations between alpha-amylase levels and probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Elevated salivary alpha-amylase levels were found to be associated with more severe periodontal disease, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for periodontitis severity. These findings support the utility of salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease diagnosis and monitoring, although further validation and standardization are warranted for clinical application.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/726periodontal diseasesalivary alpha-amylasebiomarkersperiodontitissaliva diagnosticsclinical attachment loss
spellingShingle Nada Tawfig Hashim
Sadiah Fathima
Nurain Mohammad Hisham
Pooja Shivappa
Michael V. Magaogao
Md Sofiqul Islam
Sara Faisal Ahmed
Rasha Babiker
Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman
Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
Current Issues in Molecular Biology
periodontal disease
salivary alpha-amylase
biomarkers
periodontitis
saliva diagnostics
clinical attachment loss
title Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
title_full Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
title_fullStr Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
title_short Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
title_sort exploring salivary alpha amylase as a biomarker in periodontitis a comparative analysis of disease stages and clinical correlations
topic periodontal disease
salivary alpha-amylase
biomarkers
periodontitis
saliva diagnostics
clinical attachment loss
url https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/726
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