Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The diaphragm is important for respiration, but the effects of age-related muscle loss and sarcopenia on diaphragm function are unclear. We evaluated the associations of sarcopenia and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with diaphragm function. <b>Methods</...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Takahiro Shinohara Toru Yamada Shuji Ouchi Suguru Mabuchi Ryoichi Hanazawa Kazuharu Nakagawa Kanako Yoshimi Tatsuya Mayama Ayane Horike Kenji Toyoshima Yoshiaki Tamura Atsushi Araki Haruka Tohara Akihiro Hirakawa Takuma Kimura Takeshi Ishida Masayoshi Hashimoto |
| author_facet | Takahiro Shinohara Toru Yamada Shuji Ouchi Suguru Mabuchi Ryoichi Hanazawa Kazuharu Nakagawa Kanako Yoshimi Tatsuya Mayama Ayane Horike Kenji Toyoshima Yoshiaki Tamura Atsushi Araki Haruka Tohara Akihiro Hirakawa Takuma Kimura Takeshi Ishida Masayoshi Hashimoto |
| author_sort | Takahiro Shinohara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: The diaphragm is important for respiration, but the effects of age-related muscle loss and sarcopenia on diaphragm function are unclear. We evaluated the associations of sarcopenia and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with diaphragm function. <b>Methods</b>: This study was conducted at three Japanese hospitals from May 2023 to September 2024. The participants underwent bioelectrical impedance for SMM assessment, as well as pulmonary function tests. Diaphragm ultrasound was used to measure the thickness at functional residual capacity (FRC), thickening fraction (TF), and diaphragm excursion (DE) during deep breathing (DB), and their associations with sarcopenia and low skeletal muscle index (SMI) were analyzed. <b>Results</b>: Overall, 148 patients (mean age 78.1 years; sarcopenia, <i>n</i> = 35; non-sarcopenia, <i>n</i> = 103) were included. No statistically significant differences in thickness(FRC), TF and DE were observed between the sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group. The low SMI group had significantly lower thickness (difference −0.22, 95% CI; −0.41, −0.29) and DE (difference −9.2, 95%CI; −14.0, −4.49) than the normal SMI group. Multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and stature revealed no association between thickness (FRC) and sarcopenia (<i>p</i> = 0.98), but thickness (FRC) was negatively associated with low SMI (<i>p</i> = 0.034). DE during DB was negatively associated with sarcopenia (<i>p</i> = 0.024) and low SMI (<i>p</i> = 0.001). TF showed no associations. <b>Conclusions</b>: DE during DB was reduced in patients with sarcopenia and low SMI, and thickness (FRC) was reduced in those with low SMI without sarcopenia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a4b13b3f462e4cb68bed7ee1486c3a46 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-a4b13b3f462e4cb68bed7ee1486c3a462025-01-10T13:16:41ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-01-011519010.3390/diagnostics15010090Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional StudyTakahiro Shinohara0Toru Yamada1Shuji Ouchi2Suguru Mabuchi3Ryoichi Hanazawa4Kazuharu Nakagawa5Kanako Yoshimi6Tatsuya Mayama7Ayane Horike8Kenji Toyoshima9Yoshiaki Tamura10Atsushi Araki11Haruka Tohara12Akihiro Hirakawa13Takuma Kimura14Takeshi Ishida15Masayoshi Hashimoto16Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDepartment of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDepartment of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDepartment of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of R&D Innovation for Home Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 152-8550, JapanDepartment of Community Medicine (Ibaraki), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 152-8550, JapanDepartment of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The diaphragm is important for respiration, but the effects of age-related muscle loss and sarcopenia on diaphragm function are unclear. We evaluated the associations of sarcopenia and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with diaphragm function. <b>Methods</b>: This study was conducted at three Japanese hospitals from May 2023 to September 2024. The participants underwent bioelectrical impedance for SMM assessment, as well as pulmonary function tests. Diaphragm ultrasound was used to measure the thickness at functional residual capacity (FRC), thickening fraction (TF), and diaphragm excursion (DE) during deep breathing (DB), and their associations with sarcopenia and low skeletal muscle index (SMI) were analyzed. <b>Results</b>: Overall, 148 patients (mean age 78.1 years; sarcopenia, <i>n</i> = 35; non-sarcopenia, <i>n</i> = 103) were included. No statistically significant differences in thickness(FRC), TF and DE were observed between the sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group. The low SMI group had significantly lower thickness (difference −0.22, 95% CI; −0.41, −0.29) and DE (difference −9.2, 95%CI; −14.0, −4.49) than the normal SMI group. Multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and stature revealed no association between thickness (FRC) and sarcopenia (<i>p</i> = 0.98), but thickness (FRC) was negatively associated with low SMI (<i>p</i> = 0.034). DE during DB was negatively associated with sarcopenia (<i>p</i> = 0.024) and low SMI (<i>p</i> = 0.001). TF showed no associations. <b>Conclusions</b>: DE during DB was reduced in patients with sarcopenia and low SMI, and thickness (FRC) was reduced in those with low SMI without sarcopenia.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/90diaphragmultrasoundsarcopeniapoint of care ultrasound |
| spellingShingle | Takahiro Shinohara Toru Yamada Shuji Ouchi Suguru Mabuchi Ryoichi Hanazawa Kazuharu Nakagawa Kanako Yoshimi Tatsuya Mayama Ayane Horike Kenji Toyoshima Yoshiaki Tamura Atsushi Araki Haruka Tohara Akihiro Hirakawa Takuma Kimura Takeshi Ishida Masayoshi Hashimoto Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study Diagnostics diaphragm ultrasound sarcopenia point of care ultrasound |
| title | Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | relationship between diaphragm function and sarcopenia assessed by ultrasound a cross sectional study |
| topic | diaphragm ultrasound sarcopenia point of care ultrasound |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/90 |
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