A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications

This study offers a comprehensive summary of the current states as well as potential future directions of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), particularly tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), the most readily accessible TCO on the market. Solar cells, flat panel displays (FPDs), liquid crystal displays (...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jessica Patel, Razia Khan Sharme, Manuel A. Quijada, Mukti M. Rana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/24/2013
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850239357871456256
author Jessica Patel
Razia Khan Sharme
Manuel A. Quijada
Mukti M. Rana
author_facet Jessica Patel
Razia Khan Sharme
Manuel A. Quijada
Mukti M. Rana
author_sort Jessica Patel
collection DOAJ
description This study offers a comprehensive summary of the current states as well as potential future directions of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), particularly tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), the most readily accessible TCO on the market. Solar cells, flat panel displays (FPDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), antireflection (AR) coatings for airbus windows, photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, transparent p–n junction diodes, etc. are a few of the best uses for this material. Other conductive metals that show a lot of promise as substitutes for traditional conductive materials include copper, zinc oxide, aluminum, silver, gold, and tin. These metals are also utilized in AR coatings. The optimal deposition techniques for creating ITO films under the current conditions have been determined to be DC (direct current) and RF (radio frequency) MS (magnetron sputtering) deposition, both with and without the introduction of Ar gas. When producing most types of AR coatings, it is necessary to obtain thicknesses of at least 100 nm and minimum resistivities on the order of 10<sup>−4</sup> Ω cm. For AR coatings, issues related to less-conductive materials than ITO have been considered.
format Article
id doaj-art-a4ae63bcf7c44d84aee45c1a5e2a50fe
institution OA Journals
issn 2079-4991
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Nanomaterials
spelling doaj-art-a4ae63bcf7c44d84aee45c1a5e2a50fe2025-08-20T02:01:10ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-12-011424201310.3390/nano14242013A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and ApplicationsJessica Patel0Razia Khan Sharme1Manuel A. Quijada2Mukti M. Rana3Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences and Optical Science Center for Applied Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USADivision of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences and Optical Science Center for Applied Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADivision of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences and Optical Science Center for Applied Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USAThis study offers a comprehensive summary of the current states as well as potential future directions of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), particularly tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), the most readily accessible TCO on the market. Solar cells, flat panel displays (FPDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), antireflection (AR) coatings for airbus windows, photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, transparent p–n junction diodes, etc. are a few of the best uses for this material. Other conductive metals that show a lot of promise as substitutes for traditional conductive materials include copper, zinc oxide, aluminum, silver, gold, and tin. These metals are also utilized in AR coatings. The optimal deposition techniques for creating ITO films under the current conditions have been determined to be DC (direct current) and RF (radio frequency) MS (magnetron sputtering) deposition, both with and without the introduction of Ar gas. When producing most types of AR coatings, it is necessary to obtain thicknesses of at least 100 nm and minimum resistivities on the order of 10<sup>−4</sup> Ω cm. For AR coatings, issues related to less-conductive materials than ITO have been considered.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/24/2013TCOthin filmITOantireflectiontransparent electrodetransparent conducting film
spellingShingle Jessica Patel
Razia Khan Sharme
Manuel A. Quijada
Mukti M. Rana
A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications
Nanomaterials
TCO
thin film
ITO
antireflection
transparent electrode
transparent conducting film
title A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications
title_full A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications
title_fullStr A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications
title_full_unstemmed A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications
title_short A Review of Transparent Conducting Films (TCFs): Prospective ITO and AZO Deposition Methods and Applications
title_sort review of transparent conducting films tcfs prospective ito and azo deposition methods and applications
topic TCO
thin film
ITO
antireflection
transparent electrode
transparent conducting film
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/24/2013
work_keys_str_mv AT jessicapatel areviewoftransparentconductingfilmstcfsprospectiveitoandazodepositionmethodsandapplications
AT raziakhansharme areviewoftransparentconductingfilmstcfsprospectiveitoandazodepositionmethodsandapplications
AT manuelaquijada areviewoftransparentconductingfilmstcfsprospectiveitoandazodepositionmethodsandapplications
AT muktimrana areviewoftransparentconductingfilmstcfsprospectiveitoandazodepositionmethodsandapplications
AT jessicapatel reviewoftransparentconductingfilmstcfsprospectiveitoandazodepositionmethodsandapplications
AT raziakhansharme reviewoftransparentconductingfilmstcfsprospectiveitoandazodepositionmethodsandapplications
AT manuelaquijada reviewoftransparentconductingfilmstcfsprospectiveitoandazodepositionmethodsandapplications
AT muktimrana reviewoftransparentconductingfilmstcfsprospectiveitoandazodepositionmethodsandapplications