Investigating the impact of the dispersion protocol on the physico-chemical identity and toxicity of nanomaterials: a review of the literature with focus on TiO2 particles
Abstract Particles often require dispersion in aqueous media to allow assessment of their hazard profile. The approach used to disperse particles is not consistent in the published literature, with approaches including stirring, vortexing, shaking or sonication, and the use of biological or chemical...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Particle and Fibre Toxicology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-025-00627-8 |
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