Long-read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of Chinese red steppe cattle

Abstract Chinese red steppe cattle, a highly developed breed for their meat and milk, are not well known about the formation mechanisms for high-quality beef. Furthermore, many fundamental investigations of cattle are hampered by deficient full-length cDNAs. Here, we utilized ONT full-length transcr...

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Main Authors: Wenwen Fang, Shaoying Yang, Xuanyu Li, Asadollahpour Nanaei, Yu Liu, Yang Cao, Cheng Xiao, Xin Li, Haiguo Jin, Yumin Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15106-5
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author Wenwen Fang
Shaoying Yang
Xuanyu Li
Asadollahpour Nanaei
Yu Liu
Yang Cao
Cheng Xiao
Xin Li
Haiguo Jin
Yumin Zhao
Yang Cao
author_facet Wenwen Fang
Shaoying Yang
Xuanyu Li
Asadollahpour Nanaei
Yu Liu
Yang Cao
Cheng Xiao
Xin Li
Haiguo Jin
Yumin Zhao
Yang Cao
author_sort Wenwen Fang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Chinese red steppe cattle, a highly developed breed for their meat and milk, are not well known about the formation mechanisms for high-quality beef. Furthermore, many fundamental investigations of cattle are hampered by deficient full-length cDNAs. Here, we utilized ONT full-length transcript sequencing from 9 bovine preadipocytes during 3 periods to find 2502 novel genes and 3253 novel transcriptomes, further improving the quality of reference genome annotation. At the same time, based on diverse expression patterns in 3 periods (early, middle and late), we identified 754 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 932 significantly differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in the first contrast group (0d_vs_4d), 197 significantly DEGs and 297 significantly DETs in the second contrast group (0d_vs_8d), 465 and 555 significantly DEGs and DETs in the third contrast group (4d_vs_8d). These DEGs mainly enriched the pathways related to cell differentiation such as Wnt signaling pathway and positive regulation of fat cell differentiation. A total of 35,616 alternative splicing (AS) events were detected, in which 111, 109 and 101 significantly different AS events were found in the group 0d_vs_4d, 0d_vs_8d and 4d_vs_8d respectively. In particular, two essential DEGs, N4BP2L1 and PRKAA1 related to cell differentiation were shown to take part in distinct AS events and were therefore considered as key candidate genes for improving fat deposition and meat quality in Chinese red steppe cattle. These findings provide novel insights into the adipocyte differentiation in cattle and metabolic processes that regulate fat storage, which is essential for optimizing growth and production.
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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spelling doaj-art-a4a8df0c8fd94400b22853e18e217c8e2025-08-20T03:45:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-15106-5Long-read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of Chinese red steppe cattleWenwen Fang0Shaoying Yang1Xuanyu Li2Asadollahpour Nanaei3Yu Liu4Yang Cao5Cheng Xiao6Xin Li7Haiguo Jin8Yumin Zhao9Yang Cao10Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences CAASInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry SciencesInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)Abstract Chinese red steppe cattle, a highly developed breed for their meat and milk, are not well known about the formation mechanisms for high-quality beef. Furthermore, many fundamental investigations of cattle are hampered by deficient full-length cDNAs. Here, we utilized ONT full-length transcript sequencing from 9 bovine preadipocytes during 3 periods to find 2502 novel genes and 3253 novel transcriptomes, further improving the quality of reference genome annotation. At the same time, based on diverse expression patterns in 3 periods (early, middle and late), we identified 754 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 932 significantly differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in the first contrast group (0d_vs_4d), 197 significantly DEGs and 297 significantly DETs in the second contrast group (0d_vs_8d), 465 and 555 significantly DEGs and DETs in the third contrast group (4d_vs_8d). These DEGs mainly enriched the pathways related to cell differentiation such as Wnt signaling pathway and positive regulation of fat cell differentiation. A total of 35,616 alternative splicing (AS) events were detected, in which 111, 109 and 101 significantly different AS events were found in the group 0d_vs_4d, 0d_vs_8d and 4d_vs_8d respectively. In particular, two essential DEGs, N4BP2L1 and PRKAA1 related to cell differentiation were shown to take part in distinct AS events and were therefore considered as key candidate genes for improving fat deposition and meat quality in Chinese red steppe cattle. These findings provide novel insights into the adipocyte differentiation in cattle and metabolic processes that regulate fat storage, which is essential for optimizing growth and production.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15106-5ONTPreadipocyte differentiationGenesASChinese red steppe cattle
spellingShingle Wenwen Fang
Shaoying Yang
Xuanyu Li
Asadollahpour Nanaei
Yu Liu
Yang Cao
Cheng Xiao
Xin Li
Haiguo Jin
Yumin Zhao
Yang Cao
Long-read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of Chinese red steppe cattle
Scientific Reports
ONT
Preadipocyte differentiation
Genes
AS
Chinese red steppe cattle
title Long-read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of Chinese red steppe cattle
title_full Long-read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of Chinese red steppe cattle
title_fullStr Long-read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of Chinese red steppe cattle
title_full_unstemmed Long-read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of Chinese red steppe cattle
title_short Long-read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of Chinese red steppe cattle
title_sort long read sequencing uncovers key regulatory genes involved in the differentiation of preadipocytes of chinese red steppe cattle
topic ONT
Preadipocyte differentiation
Genes
AS
Chinese red steppe cattle
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15106-5
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