Uncovering key biopsychosocial risk factors in non-violent suicide attempts: evidence from a Hungarian cross-sectional study
IntroductionThis Hungarian cross-sectional study examined patterns and differences in suicide risk factors across various suicidality groups, including individuals with single or multiple suicide attempts, as well as gender-specific variations. Additionally, it explored these risk factors within a b...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1626808/full |
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| author | Noemi Monika Szeifert Noemi Monika Szeifert Barnabás Oláh Barnabás Oláh Barbara Sebok Xenia Gonda Xenia Gonda Xenia Gonda |
| author_facet | Noemi Monika Szeifert Noemi Monika Szeifert Barnabás Oláh Barnabás Oláh Barbara Sebok Xenia Gonda Xenia Gonda Xenia Gonda |
| author_sort | Noemi Monika Szeifert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThis Hungarian cross-sectional study examined patterns and differences in suicide risk factors across various suicidality groups, including individuals with single or multiple suicide attempts, as well as gender-specific variations. Additionally, it explored these risk factors within a biopsychosocial framework to offer a comprehensive understanding of their interconnected effects.Materials and methodsA total of 300 psychiatric inpatients were recruited from Péterfy Sandor Hospital in Budapest, Hungary, including 146 individuals (48.67%) with a history of suicide attempts and 154 (51.33%) without such a history. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 85 years, with a mean age of 37.98 years (SD = 12.80 for suicide attempters, 13.72 for non-attempters). The overall sample comprised 83 males (27.7%) and 217 females (72.3%). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of demographic characteristics, life history variables, and psychiatric diagnoses on suicide risk, aiming to identify significant predictors of suicide attempts within a biopsychosocial framework.ResultsDepression was the most prevalent psychiatric diagnosis in the sample. Significant predictors of suicide attempts included family history of suicide (OR = 2.283, p = 0.015), prescription drug misuse (OR = 1.900, p = 0.047), and nicotine dependence (OR = 1.869, p = 0.035). In repeated suicide attempts, bipolar disorder (OR = 5.761, p = 0.006), borderline personality disorder (OR = 5.132, p = 0.003), depression (OR = 4.064, p = 0.004), and job loss (OR = 4.348, p = 0.031) emerged as the strongest predictors. Among men, job loss (OR = 4.074, p = 0.014) was a prominent risk factor, while among women, having two or more children (OR = 2.740, p = 0.036) and a family history of suicide (OR = 2.459, p = 0.028) significantly increased suicide risk. Relationship conflict was also associated with higher risk in women (OR = 0.382, p = 0.035).ConclusionsOur research supports the notion that suicide risk factors interact with one another, and in certain cases, their effects may be synergistic—mutually reinforcing—rather than antagonistic. Similarly, protective factors also appear to amplify each other’s impact, suggesting a cumulative and interactive model of both risk and resilience. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a4a4a66dfd7148bba001bc7b91b3e9e72025-08-20T05:32:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-08-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.16268081626808Uncovering key biopsychosocial risk factors in non-violent suicide attempts: evidence from a Hungarian cross-sectional studyNoemi Monika Szeifert0Noemi Monika Szeifert1Barnabás Oláh2Barnabás Oláh3Barbara Sebok4Xenia Gonda5Xenia Gonda6Xenia Gonda7Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HungaryClinical Psychology Center of CC, Health Care Service Units, University of Debrecen Clinical Centre, Debrecen, HungarySemmelweis University School of PhD Studies Workgroup for Science Management, Dr. Manninger Jenő Trauma Center, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryNAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryIntroductionThis Hungarian cross-sectional study examined patterns and differences in suicide risk factors across various suicidality groups, including individuals with single or multiple suicide attempts, as well as gender-specific variations. Additionally, it explored these risk factors within a biopsychosocial framework to offer a comprehensive understanding of their interconnected effects.Materials and methodsA total of 300 psychiatric inpatients were recruited from Péterfy Sandor Hospital in Budapest, Hungary, including 146 individuals (48.67%) with a history of suicide attempts and 154 (51.33%) without such a history. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 85 years, with a mean age of 37.98 years (SD = 12.80 for suicide attempters, 13.72 for non-attempters). The overall sample comprised 83 males (27.7%) and 217 females (72.3%). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of demographic characteristics, life history variables, and psychiatric diagnoses on suicide risk, aiming to identify significant predictors of suicide attempts within a biopsychosocial framework.ResultsDepression was the most prevalent psychiatric diagnosis in the sample. Significant predictors of suicide attempts included family history of suicide (OR = 2.283, p = 0.015), prescription drug misuse (OR = 1.900, p = 0.047), and nicotine dependence (OR = 1.869, p = 0.035). In repeated suicide attempts, bipolar disorder (OR = 5.761, p = 0.006), borderline personality disorder (OR = 5.132, p = 0.003), depression (OR = 4.064, p = 0.004), and job loss (OR = 4.348, p = 0.031) emerged as the strongest predictors. Among men, job loss (OR = 4.074, p = 0.014) was a prominent risk factor, while among women, having two or more children (OR = 2.740, p = 0.036) and a family history of suicide (OR = 2.459, p = 0.028) significantly increased suicide risk. Relationship conflict was also associated with higher risk in women (OR = 0.382, p = 0.035).ConclusionsOur research supports the notion that suicide risk factors interact with one another, and in certain cases, their effects may be synergistic—mutually reinforcing—rather than antagonistic. Similarly, protective factors also appear to amplify each other’s impact, suggesting a cumulative and interactive model of both risk and resilience.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1626808/fullsuicide riskpsychiatric disordersgender differencessingle and multiple attempterssuicide prevention |
| spellingShingle | Noemi Monika Szeifert Noemi Monika Szeifert Barnabás Oláh Barnabás Oláh Barbara Sebok Xenia Gonda Xenia Gonda Xenia Gonda Uncovering key biopsychosocial risk factors in non-violent suicide attempts: evidence from a Hungarian cross-sectional study Frontiers in Psychiatry suicide risk psychiatric disorders gender differences single and multiple attempters suicide prevention |
| title | Uncovering key biopsychosocial risk factors in non-violent suicide attempts: evidence from a Hungarian cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Uncovering key biopsychosocial risk factors in non-violent suicide attempts: evidence from a Hungarian cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Uncovering key biopsychosocial risk factors in non-violent suicide attempts: evidence from a Hungarian cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Uncovering key biopsychosocial risk factors in non-violent suicide attempts: evidence from a Hungarian cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Uncovering key biopsychosocial risk factors in non-violent suicide attempts: evidence from a Hungarian cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | uncovering key biopsychosocial risk factors in non violent suicide attempts evidence from a hungarian cross sectional study |
| topic | suicide risk psychiatric disorders gender differences single and multiple attempters suicide prevention |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1626808/full |
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